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| ? B HacToe paoTe, c Tok peH TeHbIx caBoB pBoTcoyeHHbIe HaM aHHbIe okabIBaeTc BH koecTBa coepaHφocφopa, kBBaeHTa yepoa, MoφpoBaH, ycoB aBkH HaHococToKocTb HapaBe cTaHHbI cTaHkoB,oToBxc φo-cφopcToo yyHa. poBeeHHbIe cceoBaH okaa,o HocoToKo-cTb ocpcToo yyHa, aBHbIM opaoM, opeeeHa MkpocTpykTypoMeTaecko ocHoBbI yyHa koecTBoM, paMepoM, pacooeHeMocopcTo BTekTk paTa. B cTaTbe TaKe paccMoTpaBaeTc aBcMocTb epHa BTeKTeckoek MeTaecko ocHoBbI yyHa oT ceTk ocopcTo BTekTk,ycTaHoBeHo, To akTopbI,yMeHbae epHa BTekTecko MeTae-cko... ? B HacToe paoTe, c Tok peH TeHbIx caBoB pBoTcoyeHHbIe HaM aHHbIe okabIBaeTc BH koecTBa coepaHφocφopa, kBBaeHTa yepoa, MoφpoBaH, ycoB aBkH HaHococToKocTb HapaBe cTaHHbI cTaHkoB,oToBxc φo-cφopcToo yyHa. poBeeHHbIe cceoBaH okaa,o HocoToKo-cTb ocpcToo yyHa, aBHbIM opaoM, opeeeHa MkpocTpykTypoMeTaecko ocHoBbI yyHa koecTBoM, paMepoM, pacooeHeMocopcTo BTekTk paTa. B cTaTbe TaKe paccMoTpaBaeTc aBcMocTb epHa BTeKTeckoek MeTaecko ocHoBbI yyHa oT ceTk ocopcTo BTekTk,ycTaHoBeHo, To akTopbI,yMeHbae epHa BTekTecko MeTae-cko ocHoBbI, peM yMeHbaT ceTkH ocopcTo BTekTk; kpoMeToo, T akTopbI cococTByT opaoBaH rpaTa Ta A. BceTo oBbaeT HococTokocTb yyHa. yMeHbeH epHa BTekTecKo eK,ocopcTbI yyH o-eH MeTb opeeHHoe koecTBo coepaH ocopa,KBBaeHTa ye-poa, poBoTb MopoBaHHy opaoTky p cooTBeTcTBeHHoTeMpaType (BbIcoKoo eperpeBa He TpebyeTc). oMMo Toro,cTaTb o-cBaeT, To KoMHpoBaHHoe MopoBaHe MoeT bITb ee oeHo. ABTopbI He coacHbI TeM cTapbIM coopaeHM, To HocoTokocTbqyyHa aBcT oT poHocT papbIBa TBepocT, a peoM, To Ka-ecTBo yyHa ye opeeTbc o cHTeTeckoMy cBocTBy, oToMyoKaaTeb oTHocTebHo poHocT TBepocT Meer cyecTBeHHoe Ha-eHe. cceoBaHe TaKe peaeT xMeck cocTaB TeXHooT aB-kH HococToKoo yyHa HapaB cTaHHbI cTaHKoB. To Po-BocTBeHHoMy pepT MoeT bITb oeHo. | 本文从铸造合金角度,用大量实验数据验证磷含量、碳当量、孕育、熔炼和孕育温度对普通机床导轨用含磷耐磨铸铁性能的影响;并指出含磷耐磨铸铁的耐磨性,除金属基体外更主要决定于磷共晶及石墨的含量、形状和分布。 本文根据实验数值并用理论分析了铸铁共晶团与磷共晶间的关系,指出其规律:凡是细化共晶团的因素,大都是细化磷共晶的因素,同时亦是形成A型石墨的因素,而有利于耐磨性能的提高。 为了细化共晶团,含磷耐磨铸铁必须具备一定的含磷量,碳当量,采用孕育处理且应孕育温度适宜(不宜过高);此外并指出采用双重孕育可能更为有利。 本文否定了习惯的看法:铸铁的耐磨性能与抗张强度,尤其是与硬度之间有直接比例的关系,提出应用综合性能来衡量铸铁的质量,并认为比强度、比硬度等指标有其实际意。 本研究确定了机床导轨含磷耐磨铸铁最适宜的化学成分及熔炼处理工艺,供生产参考。 铸铁成分为C≈3.0～3.3％;P≈0.5～0.7％;CE=3.8～4.0％;Mn=0.6～0.8％;S<0.12％(导轨壁厚约40～60毫米)。 熔炼处理工艺:过热温度1400～1480℃;孕育温度1380～1440℃;孕育剂数量0.6～0.8％硅铁(75％Si);浇注温度130... 本文从铸造合金角度,用大量实验数据验证磷含量、碳当量、孕育、熔炼和孕育温度对普通机床导轨用含磷耐磨铸铁性能的影响;并指出含磷耐磨铸铁的耐磨性,除金属基体外更主要决定于磷共晶及石墨的含量、形状和分布。 本文根据实验数值并用理论分析了铸铁共晶团与磷共晶间的关系,指出其规律:凡是细化共晶团的因素,大都是细化磷共晶的因素,同时亦是形成A型石墨的因素,而有利于耐磨性能的提高。 为了细化共晶团,含磷耐磨铸铁必须具备一定的含磷量,碳当量,采用孕育处理且应孕育温度适宜(不宜过高);此外并指出采用双重孕育可能更为有利。 本文否定了习惯的看法:铸铁的耐磨性能与抗张强度,尤其是与硬度之间有直接比例的关系,提出应用综合性能来衡量铸铁的质量,并认为比强度、比硬度等指标有其实际意。 本研究确定了机床导轨含磷耐磨铸铁最适宜的化学成分及熔炼处理工艺,供生产参考。 铸铁成分为C≈3.0～3.3％;P≈0.5～0.7％;CE=3.8～4.0％;Mn=0.6～0.8％;S<0.12％(导轨壁厚约40～60毫米)。 熔炼处理工艺:过热温度1400～1480℃;孕育温度1380～1440℃;孕育剂数量0.6～0.8％硅铁(75％Si);浇注温度1300～1360℃。 本文还对微量合金化和摩擦对的硬度配比作了一定的探讨。 | The brittleness of phosphides causes considerable difficulties in the production of nodular iron with high mechanical properties. Owing to the grain boundry precipitation of phosphides, the elongation and the impact value of nodular iron are greatly decreased.The present work shows that the refinement and the dis-union of phosphides treated by instantaneous ladle inoculation and 2-step normalizing improve the mechanical properties of high phosphorus content nodular cast iron. However, the optimum second holding... The brittleness of phosphides causes considerable difficulties in the production of nodular iron with high mechanical properties. Owing to the grain boundry precipitation of phosphides, the elongation and the impact value of nodular iron are greatly decreased.The present work shows that the refinement and the dis-union of phosphides treated by instantaneous ladle inoculation and 2-step normalizing improve the mechanical properties of high phosphorus content nodular cast iron. However, the optimum second holding temperature in 2 -step normalizing must be selected within the eutectoid temperature range. In so doing the ferrite is precipitated both around the graphite and at the grain boundries. This is favorable to the refinement and olubility of phosphides and thus results in an improvement of the impact ductility.As indicated by the experiments, both the quantity and the size of phosphides in nodular cast iron are rarely changed by such processes as single normalizing, quenching, quenching plus tempering or isothermal quenching. | 磷共晶的脆性给生产高性能球墨铸铁带来很大的困难。由于磷共晶在晶界上的存在,使球墨铸铁的延伸率和冲击值大为降低。 本工作表明:经过包外孕育和两阶段正火处理后,使磷共晶细化、分割,能促使高磷球墨铸铁的机械性能提高。但是,两阶段正火中,第二阶段的保温温度必须选择在共析转变温度范围内。在这种条件下,铁素体在石墨周围和晶界析出,它有利于磷共晶的细化与溶解,有利于冲击韧性的提高。 本实验指出:一般正火、淬火、淬火加回火和等温淬火对球墨铸铁中磷共晶的数量和大小改变很少。 | This paper deals with the relationship between the grain orientation andthe engraving behaviour of the micrograin zinc plates (Al～0.05%wt, Mg～0.10%wt, Zn balance) used for printing. The micrograin zinc plates fabri-cated by various technological processes were analyzed by X-ray diffracto-meter and tested by high-speed chemical engraving. It is shown that whenthe grain orientation of zinc plate was in a state of chaos, a satisfactoryresult might be obtained in engraving. On the contrary, when an evidenttexture... This paper deals with the relationship between the grain orientation andthe engraving behaviour of the micrograin zinc plates (Al～0.05%wt, Mg～0.10%wt, Zn balance) used for printing. The micrograin zinc plates fabri-cated by various technological processes were analyzed by X-ray diffracto-meter and tested by high-speed chemical engraving. It is shown that whenthe grain orientation of zinc plate was in a state of chaos, a satisfactoryresult might be obtained in engraving. On the contrary, when an evidenttexture (0001) appeared in zinc plate, the engraving behavionr would be se-riously deteriorated. In addition, the conclusion obtained by Д. И. Лайнерet al., that the orientation (1011) formed in the cold rolled zinc plate wouldlead to the intensification of engraving behaviour, is also discussed in thispaper. | 本文研究了印刷用微晶锌板(Al～0.05％(重量)、Mg～0.10％(重量)、Zn余量)的晶粒取向与蚀刻性能间的关系,对不同工艺制度生产的微晶锌板进行了x光衍射仪分析和制版蚀刻试验,其结果认为:锌板晶粒取向紊乱,则蚀刻性能良好。若出现明显的(0001)织构,将严重恶化蚀刻性能。另外,对Д.И.Лайнер等关于“冷轧锌板具有(1011)取向而导致蚀刻性能提高”的结论进行了讨论。 | | | | << 更多相关文摘 |
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