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Both ancienr China and the west well developed their oceangoing voyages, but there exist essential distinctions between them. In the west, the earth was thought to be spherical and the astronavigation system was set up in oceangoing voyages. While ancient Chinese thought the earth was flat, and in oceangoing voyages ancient Chinese still employed the geonavigation system already established in inshore voyages. On the other hand, the root cause for navigation lies in economy for the West and politics for ancient... Both ancienr China and the west well developed their oceangoing voyages, but there exist essential distinctions between them. In the west, the earth was thought to be spherical and the astronavigation system was set up in oceangoing voyages. While ancient Chinese thought the earth was flat, and in oceangoing voyages ancient Chinese still employed the geonavigation system already established in inshore voyages. On the other hand, the root cause for navigation lies in economy for the West and politics for ancient China. 中西古代均有发达的远航,但由于社会文化背景的巨大差异,彼此又有着本质的不同:1、古代西方大地球形观占统治地位,因而在航海中提出西行可以东达、东行可以西达的航海理论;在中国地平大地观占统治地位,故未出现类似理论。古代西方远洋航行已建立天文导航体系;中国仍采用近海航行中建立和充分发展起来的地文导航体系。虽已有天文导航方法,但未发展形成体系。2、西方远洋航行基本功因是经济目的;中国则是政治目的。 Difference of Traditional building materials in China and the West was exist.Wood was used in China and stone was used in the West,for which all sorts of inferences remains at the geographical environment determinism,Putting China and the West at the same era——the middle ancient time the paper traces back to the reasons of the differences and reveals its cultural and idelogical roots. 中西古代建筑用材有木、石之别,对于如此迥异的用材现象,建筑史界有过种种推测,但大多停留在地理环境决定论上.本文把中西两个地域放在同一时间跨度——中古时期,来追溯产生差异的原由,揭示其文化根源与思想根源. t has been regarded in area of sports theory that the important reason for differentdeveloping directions of compotitive sports in ancient China and the western world was the differnce ofphilosophy。 But the author thinks that the key reason from the angle of the culture is the difference ofreligion form, Because the religiun in China at that time had fininshed the proceSs from polydeity tomonodeity, while in G reece it awas just at the sharp conflict stage between the monodeity andpolydeity, The ancient western... t has been regarded in area of sports theory that the important reason for differentdeveloping directions of compotitive sports in ancient China and the western world was the differnce ofphilosophy。 But the author thinks that the key reason from the angle of the culture is the difference ofreligion form, Because the religiun in China at that time had fininshed the proceSs from polydeity tomonodeity, while in G reece it awas just at the sharp conflict stage between the monodeity andpolydeity, The ancient western religiun which embod It is the religion which embedyes the internalconflict in the ancient wrestern worid that provided the sucialicating,objective and internalizing supportfor the competitive sports’s moving toward an independent process。 长期以来,体育理论界认为中西古代竞技体育发展走向不同的重要原因是中西古代哲学的不同。本文认为从文化角度讲,重要原因是古代中西宗教的差异所致。当时中国的宗教已完成从多神走向一神的过渡,而古代希腊宗教此时正是一神与多神激烈冲突时期,宗教具有普遍性、规则性、象征性。古代西方的具有内在冲突的宗教就为竞技体育走向独立历程提供了社会化、客观化、内在化的支持。
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