Using multivariate statistical analysis to recognize oil and water layer is a trend of modern log interpretation as well as an important means to enhance the interpretation precision.
ESTABLISHMENT OF WELL LOGGING INTERPRETED MODEL AND IDENTIFICATION OF GAS OR WATER LAYERS OF UPPER PALEOZOIC LOW PENETRATIVE RESERVOIRS OF TBM OILFIELD IN ORDOS BASIN
(3) Fuzzy statistical method is adopted to recognize the oil layers, water layers and water flooded layers. First, the fuzzy set that characterize oil layers, water layers and water flooded layers is established.
After evaluated the cap layers of this well field quantitatively by different kinds of logging parameters and evaluation methods, it is founded that by introducing the analyses viewpoint and technology of reservoir-seal combination into logging interpretation, oil/gas layers and water layers can be distinguished exactly.
It is shown that there exists obvious interface between oil and water zones in the R LLd -Δ V SP crossplot, the pay zone and water zone can, therefore, be identified using the interface equations.
NMR Logging can provide accurate values of irreducible liquid, movable liquid, effective porosity and permeability, and also identify the tight zone, water zone and gas-bearing zone.
To clear up deficiencies in evaluation of the waterflooded zones with the coventional logging methods, different responses of oil zone, water zone and waterflooded zone on T 2 spectrum, shift spectrum and differential spectrum of NMR logging are analyzed, based on which proposed is a qualitative method to identify waterflooded zone and its flooded levels.
Applications to predict gas,oil and water intervals using reservoir extracts′ saturated hydrocarbon chromatography in Tarim and Caidam Basin are presented in this paper.
The above geochemistry technique can be used to identify oil,gas and water intervals during drilling,and also to reevaluate oil and gas intervals of the old wells and the wells with poorer log responses.
As the diameter of micelle pools increases above 6 nm, the microemulsions are stabilized because of the limited dimensions of structured water layer and the deceleration of intermicellar exchange.
In order to estimate the effect of the thickness of the water layer on the applicability of the method we tested three schemes: based on direct [8] and back scattering [9] and a scheme with reflection of forward-scattered light from a mirror [10].
The study showed that the water molecules between the HAP faces were under conditions of strong electrical field and high pressure, and hence formed 2-3 well-organized water layers on the crystal surfaces.
Compared with the crystallographic [100] direction of HAP, the polarity along the [001] direction was stronger, which resulted in more structured water layers on the surface.
This study revealed the formation and the detailed structure of water layers on HAP surfaces and suggested that the interfacial water played an important role in stabilizing the HAP particles in aqueous solutions.
Chemical and key microbiological processes (assimilation of carbon dioxide, oxidation and formation of methane, and sulfate reduction) occurring at the aerobic-anaerobic interface in the deep-water zone of the Black Sea were investigated.
The isotopic composition of particulate organic carbon (POC) from the Black Sea deep-water zone was studied during a Russian-Swiss expedition in May 1998.
Sediments deposited since 430 ky are profundal; older sediments vary in setting between shallow-water and fluviodeltaic conditions, with occasional deep-water intervals.