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The wusong Jiang is a Chief waterway from the Taihu Lake to Shanghai. It flows 125 kilometers.The upper and Lower reaches are narrower than the middle.This is due to its physical evolution as well as the effects of human activities. Before the end of the Tang Dynasty,its source was the Taihu kou (太湖 口),situated to the south of Wu-jiang xian.Its Lower reaches were the Qiu- jiang (old River) where it emptied into the sea.The river mouth was about 10 KM wide. The building of the Long Bridge at Wujiang xian in the... The wusong Jiang is a Chief waterway from the Taihu Lake to Shanghai. It flows 125 kilometers.The upper and Lower reaches are narrower than the middle.This is due to its physical evolution as well as the effects of human activities. Before the end of the Tang Dynasty,its source was the Taihu kou (太湖 口),situated to the south of Wu-jiang xian.Its Lower reaches were the Qiu- jiang (old River) where it emptied into the sea.The river mouth was about 10 KM wide. The building of the Long Bridge at Wujiang xian in the Northern Song Dynasty prevented the water flowing from the Taihu Lake,while the tides flew up into the lower reaches,causing the river being silted rapidly, and so dredging was continually required.At that time,the river mouth reached to south Changpu kou (南跄浦口).This mouth was silted up gradual- ly in the early period of the Southern Song Dynasty.In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty,due to the building of Lihu Dam (里护塘),Dong- jiang (East River) no longer emptied into the sea and compelled the rivers in North Zhejiang plain to drain into Huangpu (黄浦).Thus the Huangpu River became wider and wider,though it still remained as a tributary of the wusong Jiang. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty,the original upper source,Taihu kou, became shallower and narrower gradually,then Guajin kou (瓜泾口) became the chief source of the Wusong Jiang.In the middle of the Ming Dynasty,the lower reaches ran along the present cource,hence it became a tributary of the Huangpu Jiang.In the early period of the Qing Dynasty,Old Dam and New Dam were built.In the middle of the Qing Dynasty,the Huangdu canal (黄渡 越河) was constructed,and the present river system is thus formed. 吴淞江是太湖流域通至上海的一条重要航道。全长125公里。今日的河道形成两端狭中段宽的特殊形态,乃是长期自然演变及人为治理的结果。在唐末以前,它源出吴江县以南的太湖口,下游在今上海市区的原虬江道入海,当时河口宽达10公里。北宋时期由于吴江修筑了长桥,阻拦了太湖下泄的水量,下游由于潮汐倒灌,日益浅,以后曾不断进行治理。当时河口已到达南跄浦口,此口在南宋初期淤没。南宋中期由于修建了里护塘,阻断了东江下游出口,迫使浙江北部平原的水流均汇入黄浦,使黄浦日益增大,但它仍为吴淞江的支流。明清时期,吴淞江上源太湖口逐渐浅狭,遂以瓜泾口为正源。明代中叶下游引入今道,成为黄浦江的支流。清代初期下游曾修建老闸及新闸,中期又开凿黄渡越河,遂形成今日的全部河道。 The wusong Jiang is a Chief waterway from the Taihu Lake to Shanghai. It flows 125 kilometers. The upper and Lower reaches are narrower than the middle. This is due t0its physical evolution as well as the effects of human activities. Before the end of the Tang Dynasty, its source was the Taihu kou (太湖口), situated to the south of Wu-jiang xian. Its Lower reaches were the Qiujiang (old River) where it emptied into the sea. The river mouth was about 10 KM wide. The building of the Long Bridge at Wujiang xian in... The wusong Jiang is a Chief waterway from the Taihu Lake to Shanghai. It flows 125 kilometers. The upper and Lower reaches are narrower than the middle. This is due t0its physical evolution as well as the effects of human activities. Before the end of the Tang Dynasty, its source was the Taihu kou (太湖口), situated to the south of Wu-jiang xian. Its Lower reaches were the Qiujiang (old River) where it emptied into the sea. The river mouth was about 10 KM wide. The building of the Long Bridge at Wujiang xian in the Northern Song Dynasty prevented the water flowing from the Taihu Lake, while the tides flew up into the lower reaches, causing the river being silted rapidly, and so dredging was continually required. At that time, the river mouth reached to south Changpu kou (南跄浦口). This mouth was silted up gradually in the early period of the Southern Song Dynasty. In the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the building of Lihu Dam (里护塘), Dongjiang (East River) no longer emptied into the sea and compelled the rivers in North Zhejiang plain to drain into Huangpu (黄浦). Thus the Huangpu River became wider and wider, though it still remained as a tributary of the wusong Jiang. In the Ming and Qing Dynasty, the original upper source, Taihu kou, became shallower and narrower gradually, then Guajin kou (瓜泾口) became the chief source of the Wusong Jiang. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the lower reaches ran along the present cource, hence it became a tributary of the Huangpu Jiang. In the early period of the Qing Dynasty, Old Dam and New Dam were built. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, the Huangdu canal (黄渡越河) was constructed, and the present river system is thus formed. 吴淞江是太湖流域通至上海的一条重要航道。全长125公里。今日的河道形成两端狭中段宽的特殊形态,乃是长期自然演变及人为治理的结果。在唐末以前,它源出吴江县以南的太湖口,下游在令上海市区的原虬江道入海,当时河口宽达10公里。北宋时期由于吴江修筑了长桥,阻拦了太湖下泄的水量,下游由于潮汐倒灌,日益淤浅,以后曾不断进行治理。当时河口已到达南跄浦口,此口在南宋初期淤没。南末中期由于修建了里护塘,阻断了东江下游出口,迫使浙江北部平原的水流均汇入黄浦,使黄浦日益增大,但它仍为吴淞江的支流。明清时期,吴淞江上源太湖口逐渐浅狭,遂以瓜泾口为正源。明代中叶下游引入今道,成为黄浦江的支流。清代初期下游曾修建老闸及新闸,中期又开凿黄渡越河,遂形成今日的全部河道。 his paper deals with an important subject matter in the history of chinese religion,namely Luo Jiao,a folk religion founded by religious reformer Luo Menghong of the Ming Dynasty .The author points out that its doctrines not only realized a reformation in the history of chinese folk religion,which gave rise at lateL times to the imitation by many sects of folk religion and spread in the lower level of society and to a large scale of religious campaign made in the Ming and QingDynasty,but also had great influence... his paper deals with an important subject matter in the history of chinese religion,namely Luo Jiao,a folk religion founded by religious reformer Luo Menghong of the Ming Dynasty .The author points out that its doctrines not only realized a reformation in the history of chinese folk religion,which gave rise at lateL times to the imitation by many sects of folk religion and spread in the lower level of society and to a large scale of religious campaign made in the Ming and QingDynasty,but also had great influence upon orthodox Taoism and Bud-dhism,upon the politics,cultural ideology and social life of the wholelate period of the chinese feudal society. 文章论述了中国宗教发展史上一个重大课题,即明代中叶的宗教改革家罗梦鸿(罗祖)创立罗教、吐“五部六册”宝卷,其完整的教义思想,不仅在民间宗教史上实现了一次变革,从此众多的民间教派纷纷竟起效尤,在明清时代社会底层民众中间潜行默运,酿成规模庞大的宗教运动,而且对正统道教和佛教乃至整个封建社会后期的政治、文化思想、社会生活都产生了重要影响。
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