The land reclamation programme has transcended 8 general elections and 4 changes of Government and even today is considered an important area of Government expenditure.
Abstract Correct meaning of Crowding-out effect is the substitution of investment (both private and public investments) by consumption in a certain period (both private and public consumption), which does not only mean the substitution of private expenditure by government expenditure.
At present, many countries in the world adopt contracting out to reduce government expenditure, hold back the size of government, improve the quality of public services.
As to the case of China, standard Crowding-out effect by expanded government expenditure as defined by monetarist has not been found at present, and in several years ahead there may occur Crowding-in effect radically different from Crowding-out effect.
The main reasons why federal financial deficits re-appeared were that the decrease of government tax revenue brought by the tax reduction plan of Bush administra- tion and the great increase of administrative expenditure since Sept. 11 attack.
The essay reviews the theory's development of dynamic gains from international trade first. Then it analyses the empirical research of economists aimed at the dynamic trade from trade.
In the theory, the developmentof e-government supplies a super technical support for the scientification andthe modernization of government management. And it will reach its farinfluence into the transform of government function, the improvement ofgovernment of efficiency, the scientification of government policy decision,the prospect of government affairs, the economy of government experiencesand so on.
Globalization, government spending and taxation in the OECD
Year-to-year increases in total trade and international financial openness in the past three decades have been associated with less government spending.
This research explores public judgments about the threat-reducing potential of experts, individual behavior, and government spending.
Faith in more government spending is highest for AIDS and the other two health items, lowest for the trio of violent crime, automobile accidents, and global warming, and moderate for the remaining threats.
Business and government spending on physician services
Recursive utility, productive government expenditure and optimal fiscal policy
Pollution, government expenditure, taxes and stochastic growth
One is government expenditure which usually invests in regional facility and amenity block, which is regarded as stimulus for attracting investment.
On age distribution of population, government expenditure and fiscal federalism
I assume, first, that some government expenditure items can be classified according to the age of their recipient individuals and, second, that different levels of government are usually assigned different expenditure programs.
Commission administrative expenditure is integrated in the first four expenditure headings.
In some instances, the Steering Committee has also developed separate measures for recurrent and administrative expenditure.
In addition, they would require a high administrative expenditure since filter lists would have to be defined on layer 2 and layer 3.
The downside of this is that the administrative expenditure associated with structural actions will rise appreciably.
Abstract Correct meaning of Crowding-out effect is the substitution of investment (both private and public investments) by consumption in a certain period (both private and public consumption), which does not only mean the substitution of private expenditure by government expenditure. The occurance of Crowding-out effect is conditional and has to be analyzed and studied with wide visual panorama. As to the case of China, standard Crowding-out effect by expanded government expenditure as defined by monetarist...
Abstract Correct meaning of Crowding-out effect is the substitution of investment (both private and public investments) by consumption in a certain period (both private and public consumption), which does not only mean the substitution of private expenditure by government expenditure. The occurance of Crowding-out effect is conditional and has to be analyzed and studied with wide visual panorama. As to the case of China, standard Crowding-out effect by expanded government expenditure as defined by monetarist has not been found at present, and in several years ahead there may occur Crowding-in effect radically different from Crowding-out effect.As China at present has far from attained economic equilibrium with full employment, therefore, it is necessary to practise a kind of fiscal policy to stimulate social investment in a comparative long period.
The focus of government intervention in Argentina varied at different times. After the 1930s it emphasized on building infrastructures with funds from tax collection and foreign debt. After the 1970s, rapid expansion of public spending resulted in huge deficits and galloping inflation. Three rounds of reforms during the last quarter of the 20th century has greatly changed the role of the government.
The central fiscal department can increase the fiscal expenditure by issuing more treasury bill. The issurance of treasury bill results in two effects: multiplier effect and crowding out effect. From the viewpoint of outcome the issuance of treasury bill gave rise to during the past twenty years period in China, the treasury bill promoted the increase of the national economy. So it is feasible, at the present inflationary period, to coordinate the positive fiscal policy in order to increase the economy by issuing...
The central fiscal department can increase the fiscal expenditure by issuing more treasury bill. The issurance of treasury bill results in two effects: multiplier effect and crowding out effect. From the viewpoint of outcome the issuance of treasury bill gave rise to during the past twenty years period in China, the treasury bill promoted the increase of the national economy. So it is feasible, at the present inflationary period, to coordinate the positive fiscal policy in order to increase the economy by issuing more treasury bill and expanding the government issuance, the management of it is becoming more and more challenging, so we should put up positive management countermeasures in two aspects of the scale and structure of the treasure bill.
政府开支
government spending
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