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This paper analyzed the 50 heavy toxicity events from 1930 to 1992, among them 6 belong in medicine poisoning, 7 food poisoning, 8 environmental pollution, 5 poisonous gas leak, 9 explosion of poisons and chemical materiel and gas, 6 nuclear explosion and radiation, 2 terror activity, 7 other toxic events. The basic measures against the disaster are also discussed in this paper. 本文对当代世界1930~1992年50起重大毒性灾害进行了分析。其中药物中毒6起,食物中毒7起,环境污染8起,毒气泄漏5起,有毒化学品与有毒气体爆炸9起,核爆炸与核辐射6起,恐怖行为2起,其它毒性灾害7起。本文还对减轻毒性灾害的基本对策进行了探讨。 In this paper,we predicted the secondary disasters of earthquakes in the north of Hebei province on the basis of a vast amount of investigation data.It is considered that the fire,Poisonous gas leaking and flood disasters are possibly serious seismic secondary disasters after earthquakes.The situation on which there is possibility of the disaster has been presented.We should pay a great attention to the diacharge or scatter of poison,corrodent and radioacative element caused by earthquake catastrophes. 在收集大量调查资料的基础上,对河北省北部地震次生灾害做了预测,认为地震火灾、毒气泄漏和地震水灾是震后可能发生的较为严重的地震次生灾害。张家口、宣化、唐山和秦皇岛市具备发生大型地震火灾的条件,张家口市、怀来县和唐山市有可能发生地震引发的毒气泄漏,官厅、密云、陡河及山西省的册田水库大坝震后出现险情引起的地震水灾将对我省北部造成危害。地震造成的剧毒物质、腐蚀性物质及人工放射源的泄漏和散落也应引起高度重视 Based on the theory of the gas diffusing and the toxic injury model, the area of accident harm was divided into the death zone, the severe harm zone, the slight harm zone and sucking reaction zone. The model of equivalent length, the feasibility of the evacuation route and the concepts of the coefficient of pass difficulty, ease and danger were put forward. The method to solve the k shortest route between 2 spots is discussed on the basis of the network theory. The length of three shortest route is respectively... Based on the theory of the gas diffusing and the toxic injury model, the area of accident harm was divided into the death zone, the severe harm zone, the slight harm zone and sucking reaction zone. The model of equivalent length, the feasibility of the evacuation route and the concepts of the coefficient of pass difficulty, ease and danger were put forward. The method to solve the k shortest route between 2 spots is discussed on the basis of the network theory. The length of three shortest route is respectively 24?780?m, 27?221?m and 38?679?m from the chlorine leakage spot to evacuation safety zone in a chemistry factory. 当毒气泄漏时 ,正确的疏散指挥是避免和减少人员伤亡的关键 ,而选择最佳疏散路线又是正确指挥的前提·基于扩散理论和毒物伤害模型之上 ,把事故伤害范围划分为致死区、重伤区、轻伤区和吸入反应区·接着 ,讨论了疏散路径的可行性和当量长度模型 ,提出了通行难易程度系数和危险系数的概念 ;然后根据网络理论的k最短路解法 ,讨论了两点间k条最短疏散路径的求法·最后 ,以某市化工厂的氯气泄漏为例 ,求出从泄漏点到疏散安全地点的 3条最短路线的当量长度分别为 2 4780m ,2 72 2 1m和 386 79m·
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