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Evolved as a world literary trend mainly in Europe and America after World War Ⅱ and fully developed in America, postmodernism demonstrates an antitraditional tendency that is stronger than ever before. Traditional style of writing completely changed, its characteristics of narrative structure, perspective, emotion and tone all become direct mirrors of narative subjects or existence. The postmodernist features of contemporary American literature can be divided into three categories: use of pedestrian writing... Evolved as a world literary trend mainly in Europe and America after World War Ⅱ and fully developed in America, postmodernism demonstrates an antitraditional tendency that is stronger than ever before. Traditional style of writing completely changed, its characteristics of narrative structure, perspective, emotion and tone all become direct mirrors of narative subjects or existence. The postmodernist features of contemporary American literature can be divided into three categories: use of pedestrian writing with descriptions lacking in significance and implications; use of an image of topsy turvydom to reproduce the confused life and existence; and, use of literary collages to disintegrate the traditional functions of fictions. 后现代主义文学是第二次世界大战以后主要在欧美产生的世界性文学思潮 ,在美国得到了充分的发展。美国后现代主义文学比以往任何形式的文学都更具有强烈的反叛性质。小说彻底消解了传统写作模式 ,其叙事的结构、视角、情感色彩和语调特征本身就是叙事主体或叙事对象的存在观与生存状态的“直观”写真。美国当代小说的变革主要表现在以下三种类型 :1 平面无深度 :对本质与意义的消解 ;2 错乱零散化 :对生存状态的临摹再现 ;3 文学拼贴画 :对传统小说功能的质疑与否定。 The change of Le Nouveau Roman is still rich in rationalism, which is an inheritance and development of the traditional rationalism of the European literature, at the same time has the features of modern rationalism-interaction between accuracy and fuzziness, and is fully embodied in its creation. 新小说变革中仍包含了丰富的理性主义。这种理性主义是对欧洲文学中传统理性主义的继承和发展 ,同时又具有了现代理性主义的特点———精确和模糊相互作用 ,并在创作中得到充分表现。 Since both the novel and the drama belong to narration, they have many things in common. The construction of time and space, the arrangement of plots and all kinds of elements in ancient Greek tragedies are extensively introduced into Hardy′s Wessex novels. From today′s point of view, the dramatic form has showed a sort of fiction revolutionary in Victorian times. 古希腊戏剧独特的戏剧要素和构建方式为哈代提供了一种具有生命力的结构和有机的形式 ,不仅使他的威塞克斯小说在美学上独树一帜 ,而且还为英语小说建立了一种新形式———相对单纯的背景、精巧的结构、不枝不蔓的情节 ,代表 19世纪末 2 0世纪初英语小说的变革要求。虽然这种形式与后来小说界的“非戏剧化”的倾向背道而驰 ,但它对维多利亚时代的小说陈规仍不失为一种背叛。
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