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| In this paper, a QoS multicast routing algorithm in IP/DWDM Optical Internet is discussed. Given a QoS multicast request and required delay interval, an algorithm is proposed, which can find a flexible-QoS-based and costsuboptimal routing tree. In addition, a term QoS satisfaction degree is defined. The proposed algorithm constructs the multicast tree based on multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing algorithm, and assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph. It integrates routing... In this paper, a QoS multicast routing algorithm in IP/DWDM Optical Internet is discussed. Given a QoS multicast request and required delay interval, an algorithm is proposed, which can find a flexible-QoS-based and costsuboptimal routing tree. In addition, a term QoS satisfaction degree is defined. The proposed algorithm constructs the multicast tree based on multipopulation parallel genetic simulated annealing algorithm, and assigns wavelengths to the tree based on the wavelength graph. It integrates routing and wavelength assignment into a single process. The objective of routing is to find a cost suboptimal multicast tree. The objective of wavelength assignment is to minimize the delay of the multicast tree by minimizing the number of wavelength conversion. Thus, both the cost of multicast tree and user QoS satisfaction degree approach the optimum. The proposed algorithm also considers load balancing. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm is both feasible and effective. | 本文讨论了一种IP/DWDM光因特网的QoS组播路由算法,在已知QoS组播请求和所需时间延迟的前提下,提出了一种可以找到基于柔性QoS的、次优的路由树的算法。此外,我们对QoS满意程度一术语作了定义。所提出的算法在多种群并行遗传模拟退火算法基础上构建组播树,并根据波长图为树分配波长。此算法将路由选择和波长分配一体化,路由选择的目的在于找到一个次优组播树,波长分配的目的则是通过使波长覆盖数量最小来最小化组播树的延迟。因此,组播树的估价和QoS用户满意程度两方面都接近最优。该算法同时考虑了负戡均衡。仿真结果表明,该算法是灵活有效的。 | With the rapid development of Internet, traditional centralized routers can not meet the requirements of next generation Internet on reliability, performance scalability and service scalability. Cluster routers will be the most important components of future Internet. It is very important for cluster routers to maintain the same forwarding table images among cluster router nodes. Different synchronization mechanisms have variant performance to control plane and packet forwarding plane. After the analysis of... With the rapid development of Internet, traditional centralized routers can not meet the requirements of next generation Internet on reliability, performance scalability and service scalability. Cluster routers will be the most important components of future Internet. It is very important for cluster routers to maintain the same forwarding table images among cluster router nodes. Different synchronization mechanisms have variant performance to control plane and packet forwarding plane. After the analysis of two typical synchronization mechanisms, this paper proposes an asymmetrical forwarding table synchronization framework — AREF (asymmetrical routes electing framework) synchronization framework. It fits the requirements of massively parallel cluster routers architecture perfectly. Continuous route flapping of the backbone network burdens the synchronization mechanisms of cluster routers. AREF synchronization algorithm is proposed to decrease the synchronization costs of AREF synchronization framework during route flapping. It uses route cache to predict a new best route when the original best route is deleted, and reduces the synchronization cost of AREF synchronization framework greatly. AREF synchronization framework and algorithm requires diverse abilities for different routing node types and can be used in heterogeneous cluster router widely. | 随着传统体系结构路由器在可靠性和多维可扩展性等方面不能满足下一代Internet发展的需要,集群结构的路由器将成为未来骨干网络的核心.如何保证集群路由器各个路由节点转发表的单映像性,对控制平面及转发平面的性能至关重要,是值得研究的重要问题.在分析现有的各种转发表同步机制特点的基础上,提出一种非对称的路由同步框架——AREF(asymmetricalrouteselectingframework)路由同步框架,更适合于大规模异构的集群路由器系统的特点.在AREF路由同步框架上,进一步提出了AREF路由同步算法.算法针对每个路由前缀使用路由Cache来缓存次优路由,在全局最优路由被删除时,通过预测次优路由来减少同步开销.模拟实验表明,AREF同步框架与算法的性能远远优于其他路由同步机制,与理论最优值比较接近. | IEEE 802.16-2004 wireless-MAN standard supports two types of network architecture,i.e.,PMP and mesh.In this paper,we first introduce a more robust and efficient PMP mutual authentication SA(security association) mechanism,which removes the certificate transmission after the first authentication to reduce system cost.A multi-hop mutual authentication SA mechanism associated with hypo-optimal routing strategy in mesh is then proposed.These two mechanisms guarantee a degree of protection comparable to those defined... IEEE 802.16-2004 wireless-MAN standard supports two types of network architecture,i.e.,PMP and mesh.In this paper,we first introduce a more robust and efficient PMP mutual authentication SA(security association) mechanism,which removes the certificate transmission after the first authentication to reduce system cost.A multi-hop mutual authentication SA mechanism associated with hypo-optimal routing strategy in mesh is then proposed.These two mechanisms guarantee a degree of protection comparable to those defined in the 802.16 protocol,while provide forward security and immunity against attacks on intermediate nodes.The routing strategy attached to mesh SA mechanism makes it possible to transmit management information before establishment of the on-demand data routing to shorten the service flow creation delay. | 先提出了一种更为强健高效的PMP双向SA(安全关联)认证机制,只在首次认证时传递证书,降低了网络传输开销.随后提出了一种和次优路由结合的mesh多跳双向认证SA管理机制.与原有机制相比,这两种机制是前向安全的,对中间节点的攻击具有强安全性,同时,mesh多跳双向认证SA管理机制在按需路由建立前使用次优路由传递管理信息可减少服务流建立时延. | | |
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次优路由
hypo-optimal routing
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