|
Urban road traffic congestion is a difficult problem in the development of modern cities. In this paper, the concept of traffic congestion and its characteristic are analyzed firstly. Then the causes of urban road traffic congestion are pointed out as following: serious contradiction between the supply and demand of urban road traffic , bad traffic management and unbalance structure of urban road traffic. Finally, some corresponding countermeasures are given. 城市道路交通堵塞是现代城市发展中的一大难题。分析了交通堵塞的概念及其附属特征,指出造成城市道路交通堵塞的原因在于,城市道路交通的供需矛盾突出、道路交通管理不善以及城市道路交通的结构性失衡。结合原因分析提出了相应的治理对策。 In Psychology of Imagination, Sartre divided the practical consciousness behavior from "reaction to image", which provided explicit philosophical foundation to the comprehension of art appreciation. According to Sartre, being the reaction to the image (world), literature's distinctive trait lies in that it must go in an unrealistic level, so that the un-utilitarian character of Aesthetic is just a subsidiary characteristic to the unrealistic property of"reaction of image". 在《想象心理学》中,萨特区分了"对意象的反应"和现实的知觉行为,这种区分为理解艺术欣赏的特性提供了明确的哲学基础。根据萨特的研究,文学欣赏活动作为对意象(世界)的反应,其根本特征在于:它必然是在非现实的层面上进行的,而通常意义上讲的"审美的无功利性",也只是"对意象的反应"的"非现实"性质的附属特征。 Grammatical and semantic features are related to human cognition and functions of language. Functional features are motivated by human cognition, in turn, cognitive features are constrained by functional features. Common features are semantic elements that connect a group of words semantically. Distinctive features are semantic elements that can differentiate a group of words in terms of their collocation, semantic relations and pragmatic functions. Functional features are derived from linguistic structures... Grammatical and semantic features are related to human cognition and functions of language. Functional features are motivated by human cognition, in turn, cognitive features are constrained by functional features. Common features are semantic elements that connect a group of words semantically. Distinctive features are semantic elements that can differentiate a group of words in terms of their collocation, semantic relations and pragmatic functions. Functional features are derived from linguistic structures and pragmatic contexts, hence are named contextual features. 语法语义特征具有认知和功能两方面的理据,功能特征以人类认知为基础,认知特征要受到功能特征的制约。相容特征是能使一组词语在语义上相关联的共同的语义要素;区别特征是从一组具有相容特征的词语中提取出来的,能够在分布、语义关系或语用功能等方面相区别的语义要素;功能特征依赖结构或语境而存在,所以又叫做附属特征。
|