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49 and 24 Parental lines of common wheat grown in two years respectivelywere subjected to genetic distance and clustering analysis and the heteroses of 23F_1.s were evaluated.The results show that the correlation between the geneticdistances among parents measured respectively in two years is highly significant, the genetic clusters of parents under study remain similar in two different years,the linear correlation coefficients of heterosis F_1.s and genetic distances in twoyears are 0.5839,0.6646,which both... 49 and 24 Parental lines of common wheat grown in two years respectivelywere subjected to genetic distance and clustering analysis and the heteroses of 23F_1.s were evaluated.The results show that the correlation between the geneticdistances among parents measured respectively in two years is highly significant, the genetic clusters of parents under study remain similar in two different years,the linear correlation coefficients of heterosis F_1.s and genetic distances in twoyears are 0.5839,0.6646,which both reached 1% signifccant level.It is sugge-sted that genetic distance can be used as a criterion to predict the heterosis ofwheat.Two methods of estimating genetic distance are tried in the present study.Co-mparisons between the results of the two methods reveals that to use genotypicvalue correlation matrix diretly obtained from the genotypic values of parents isbetter for its simplicity and reliability. 两年度分别对49个小麦亲本材料和24个材料进行遗传距离测定和分类,以及对选择的23个杂种 F_1进行杂种优势测定。结果表明:两年的遗传距离数值上关,分类结果相似,显示了遗传距离 D~2于不同年间保持相对稳定;杂种优势和两年的遗传距离的相关系数分别为0.5839和0.6646,均达到极显著水平。因此,遗传距离可以作为预测小麦杂种优势的指标。对遗传距离采用两种方法进行分析,结果表明直接用基因型值相关矩阵代替传统的即通过遗传方差(?)g 和协方差(?)g 估计求得的遗传相关矩阵来进行主分量分析,可以克服遗传相关矩阵有时不正定所产生的问题,使得杂种优势和遗传距离的相关系数由0.4822提高到0.6646。用基因型值相关矩阵代替遗传相关矩阵不仅计算方法简单,而且分析的结果也较可靠。 The serum,esterase and catalase isozymes of the hybrid Sanyuan-carp and itsparents(Furong-carp♀,Zijiang-carp)were analyzed with the polyacerlamide geldisc electrophoresis.The following resuls were obtained:the serum differences bet-ween the parents(male and female)appear in major band in B_2 and B_3 areas.Theserum of hybrid Sanyuan-carp is the mosaic type of its parents in B_1 and B_2areas,and maternal fish type in B_3 area;the differences of esterase isozymes betw-een two parents exhibited the species-specificity... The serum,esterase and catalase isozymes of the hybrid Sanyuan-carp and itsparents(Furong-carp♀,Zijiang-carp)were analyzed with the polyacerlamide geldisc electrophoresis.The following resuls were obtained:the serum differences bet-ween the parents(male and female)appear in major band in B_2 and B_3 areas.Theserum of hybrid Sanyuan-carp is the mosaic type of its parents in B_1 and B_2areas,and maternal fish type in B_3 area;the differences of esterase isozymes betw-een two parents exhibited the species-specificity in heart and kidney.The esterase of F_1hybrid was similiar to the male.The peak value scanned with CS-910 of middleband in kidney of F_1 hybrid surpassed its parents.A new band appeared in liver whichis not existing in parents;the catalase isozymes of F_1 hydrid was the same as mat-ernal fish,which has one more major band than male fish.From above,it seemsjustified that the serum,esterase and catalase isozymes can be used as genetic markersto distinguish the male and female parents,as well as the parents and their hybridduring the process of fish breeding.The esterase isozyme can be used to pre-measurewhether the heterosis forms. 作者采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,分析了三元鲤及其双亲(资江鲤(♂)、芙蓉鲤(♀))的血清蛋白、酯酶同工酶及过氧化物酶。研究结果表明:双亲的血清蛋白存在差异,这种差异主要表现在B_2区和B_3区的MA带上。F_1代表现了亲本的血清蛋白,B_1区和B_2区为双亲的嵌合型,B_3区为母本型。双亲的酯酶、过氧化物酯亦存在组织特异性和种的特异性,差异主要表现在心脏和肾脏。F_1代酯酶酶谱偏向父本,肾脏中间主带的酶相对活性明显高于亲本,肝脏阴极端出现一条新的酶带。F_1代心脏的过氧化物酶为母本类型。作者认为血清蛋白、酯酶和过氧化物酶等在鱼类育种中可作为区分亲本、亲本与子代之间的遗传标记。同时,酯酶同工酶谱型的变化,可以作为预测杂种优势的指标。 The theory of preferred planes is a new researching model for solving engineering: geological or geotechnical problems, It holds the view that the preferred plane of a rock slope exert an overwhelming control on the failure model of the rock slope and its border condition, and consequently on the stability problems. Four superior indices for finding the preferred planes and the proper research models (or methods)to determine the failure models of rock slope are suggested, including the systematic engineering... The theory of preferred planes is a new researching model for solving engineering: geological or geotechnical problems, It holds the view that the preferred plane of a rock slope exert an overwhelming control on the failure model of the rock slope and its border condition, and consequently on the stability problems. Four superior indices for finding the preferred planes and the proper research models (or methods)to determine the failure models of rock slope are suggested, including the systematic engineering approaches and expert systems. 优势面理论是工程地质问题或岩土工程问题的一种新的研究观点和模式。优势面理论认为优势面决定岩坡破坏模式及其边界条件,对稳定性问题起主要控制作用。本文对岩坡稳定性问题进行了优势面分析,提出了确定岩坡优势面之四项基本优势指标和研究模式或方法,包括系统工程分析法和优势面理论专家系统。
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