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488 and 211 blood samples were taken from 288 common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) and 145 grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus G. et V.) respectively during the period of 1963-1964. Blood indices, such as number of red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC) per unit volume, hemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), ery-throcyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the differential blood count (DBC) were determined for each sample.This paper gives the counting results and morphological descriptions of red and white blood... 488 and 211 blood samples were taken from 288 common carps (Cyprinus carpio L.) and 145 grass carps (Ctenopharyngodon idellus G. et V.) respectively during the period of 1963-1964. Blood indices, such as number of red and white blood cells (RBC and WBC) per unit volume, hemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (Ht), ery-throcyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the differential blood count (DBC) were determined for each sample.This paper gives the counting results and morphological descriptions of red and white blood cells as well as the regularity of their numerical and morphological variations. The statistical data of certain indices, supplemented by the results of certain designed experiments, reveal the principal causes of their seasonal changes in relation to gonadal development or reproductive activities.Under normal rearing conditions, there is only slight difference in the RBC counts (or Hb content) and in DBC values between individuals of the same fish species. Therefore, they may be used as normal physiological indices for pondrearing common carp and grass carp. 1.鲤鱼和草鱼的血液细胞包含红血球、淋巴球、单核球、嗜中性球、嗜酸性球及纺锤细胞。没有见到嗜碱性球。2.鲤鱼及草鱼的红血球数及血红蛋白量,在正常条件下,与水中溶氧量及成熟系数成十分显著的负相关。成熟雌鲤的红血球数(y)与溶氧量(x1)及成熟系数(x2)的迥归公式为:y=122+2.9x1-1.2x2。3.性腺发育程度及生殖活动强烈地影响鱼类血液有形成分。在生殖季节雄鱼的红血球数及血红蛋白量比雌鱼高,红血球沉降率则相反。白血球则在生殖季节及性腺退化吸收时比较活跃,而在非生殖季节两性之间无明显差异。4.发育成熟的雌鲤,经注射垂体后,无论产卵与不产卵其红血球数及血红蛋白量都下降,自然产卵的雌鲤亦然。5.雌鲤的红血球沉降率在临近产卵时急剧增加,而且比雄鲤明显地高。至于饥饿则对红血球沉降率无明显影响。6.在池养条件下鲤鱼的红血球数、血红蛋白量以及血式的个体差异较小,可望成为这类鱼的有应用价值的正常生理指标。 Forty-seven patients with schistosomiasis were treated orally with nithiocyamine at the total dosage of 350 mg/kg for 3 days. The blood concentration of the drug reached 1.56+0.18μg/ml 48 hours after initiation of oral administration. By the 16th day after treatment, the blood drug concentration was still 0.1μg/ml. In the blood, plasma took up more drug than the blood cells and other blood constituents. Urinary excretion in patients usually lasted more than 19 days after three consecutive. dosages.Determination... Forty-seven patients with schistosomiasis were treated orally with nithiocyamine at the total dosage of 350 mg/kg for 3 days. The blood concentration of the drug reached 1.56+0.18μg/ml 48 hours after initiation of oral administration. By the 16th day after treatment, the blood drug concentration was still 0.1μg/ml. In the blood, plasma took up more drug than the blood cells and other blood constituents. Urinary excretion in patients usually lasted more than 19 days after three consecutive. dosages.Determination of nithiocyamine in tissues of one patient at autopsy showed that the concentrations in the liver, kidney, heart and spleen were higher than those in the muscle, brain, fat and plasma.The drug when given orally to rats at dosage of 100mg/kg/day for 7 days induced a marked reduction of bile secretion through the liver and a marked increasein bilirubin and icterus index in the Serum of rats. 本文报告日本血吸虫病患者口服硝硫氰胺后,药物在体内的分布与清除及药物对大鼠肝胆系统的影响。 硝硫氰胺350 mg分3天口服的47例血吸虫病患者,首次给药后48小时的全血药浓度的平均值为1.56±0.18 μg/ml。末次给药后16天,血药浓度还维持在0.10 μg/ml。但药物主要存在于血浆中,血细胞与其它有形成分的含药量则较少。给药期原药经由尿的排泄量大于停药后的排泄量,药物的排出可持续到19天以上。在一例因其它疾病死亡的尸检脏器组织中,测得肝、肾、心、脾的药物含量均高于肌肉、脑、脂肪与血清中的含药量。 大鼠口服硝硫氰胺100 mg/kg/d×7,胆汁分泌量明显减少,与对照组比较胆汁量减少58.3%。药物能抑制肝脏分泌胆汁的能力,并使动物黄疸指数和胆红素升高。 Erythrocytes, lymphoytes, granulocytes and plateletes in blood were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. All the isolated cells were free from contamination except granulocytes. The isolated cells were first washed with saline and then collected by centrifugation. The precipitated cells were dissolved with distilled water and disrupted in homogenizer. Finally, sodium chloride-sucrose solution was added to the homogenate, followed by centrifugation. Thus, supernatant fraction was collected as extract... Erythrocytes, lymphoytes, granulocytes and plateletes in blood were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. All the isolated cells were free from contamination except granulocytes. The isolated cells were first washed with saline and then collected by centrifugation. The precipitated cells were dissolved with distilled water and disrupted in homogenizer. Finally, sodium chloride-sucrose solution was added to the homogenate, followed by centrifugation. Thus, supernatant fraction was collected as extract of enzyme. 我们用密度梯度离心法将血液中的有形成分红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞和血小板等进行了分离。对这些细胞的分离结果:除粒细胞外其他几种细胞分离得都比较纯净。将各种细胞分离出来后,分别用生理盐水洗涤,离心,弃去上清,再向沉淀的细胞中加蒸馏水溶胀,研碎成匀浆;加氯化钠-蔗糖溶液,离心;其上清即为酶浸提液。
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