|
The process in deserti fication, which is caused by the misuse of water resources in upper and middle reaches of river and creats shortage of water supplies and degradation of ecological environment in the lower reaches, has been developing rapidly in the past more than ten years in the lower reaches of Tarim River. In the study, the author selects the Argan Region which is typical cases (in the lower reaches of Tarim River) and gathers some materials by means of fieldwork and according to the aerophoto of different... The process in deserti fication, which is caused by the misuse of water resources in upper and middle reaches of river and creats shortage of water supplies and degradation of ecological environment in the lower reaches, has been developing rapidly in the past more than ten years in the lower reaches of Tarim River. In the study, the author selects the Argan Region which is typical cases (in the lower reaches of Tarim River) and gathers some materials by means of fieldwork and according to the aerophoto of different period analysis, especially in accordance with the changes of surface morphologies and their distribute of developments, he tries to illustrate the process in desertification to the Argan Region. Meanwhile, he utilizs a method of geographical analysis tc establish a multiregret problem program which is applied to forecast the developmental trend of process in desertification in Argan region, Xinjiang. 近十几年来,塔里木河下游地区由于上、中游用水量大幅度增加,造成过镜水量逐渐减少以致于断流,生态条件趋于恶化,使得沙漠化过程加剧。一些专家学者就此进行了广泛和有益的探讨。本文在此基础上,选择塔里木河下游的阿拉干这一典型地区,通过野外考察(1985年5月进行)和不同时期航空相片的判读、量算,针对地表形态的变化和其各种类型的动态分配,来说明该地区的沙漠化过程;并试图运用计量地理学的方法,建立一个多元线性回归方程的数字模型对该地区沙漠化过程的发展进行预测。 The system approaches to regions are mainly useing system theory and system analysis and associating regional theories of geography and other scien-ces.They emphasize the holistic approach to essential of attributes of regions and active charactertics and attempt to explicate the structure and function of the regional and system characteristics of energy flows and matter cycles and spacial dif f erentiation.A region is a large open system which contains abiotic, biotic materials and human beings. The system... The system approaches to regions are mainly useing system theory and system analysis and associating regional theories of geography and other scien-ces.They emphasize the holistic approach to essential of attributes of regions and active charactertics and attempt to explicate the structure and function of the regional and system characteristics of energy flows and matter cycles and spacial dif f erentiation.A region is a large open system which contains abiotic, biotic materials and human beings. The system as a part of the earth's surface is just the dissipative structure, according to the theory presented by the Belgian physicist 1.Prigogine, Because of human activity, a striking attribute of the regional system is its inflow of subsidised energy and matter besides the flow of solar energy as negative entropy flux.The regional system as dissipative structure has its own evolutionary his-tory.It has been evolving gradually from physical system to ecosystem, at last to human ecosystem. Human ecosystem has been referred to socio-economical system with all its regional environment i. e. physicalsystem and natural ecosystem or physico-ecosystem. The important task of research on the regional system is to explore the relationship between physico-ecosystem and socio-economical system and to find a war to manage and coordinate the development of socio-economical system with its environment.Ceoecological classification and regionalization are best ways to recognize spacial order of the regional system. According to our experiences in Beijing area, the author suggests a genetic geoecological classification system. The principle of this classification system has been mainly considered the quality and quantity of the input energy of geoecological type (landscape) . For example, mountain solar-powered ecosystem, mountain man subsidized solar-powered ecosystem, plain fuel-powered urban industrial ecosystem etc. have been divided. Cluster analysis has been applied to this classification and regionalization in Beijing area.System analysis should be applied to study the energy flows and matter cycles in the regional system. By these, it would be possible to explain the struture and function of geoecological types and to suggest optimal plans for every type. 本文运用系统科学的观点与地理学的方法相结合研究区域,并以京津地区的研究为试点,探索区域系统研究的理论与方法。 Using the quantitive geographical methods,this paper deals with therelationship among the geomorphy factors and its influence on the ero-sional soil surface in loess plateau in north part of Shaanxi Province.We think that there is a good line fitting between the density of gully,the length of slope and erosional soil potential surface,i.e.:Sp=0.673D+8.537H/sina-2.752;R=0.9where.R is the compound correlation coefficient.The relationship be-tween the erosional soil surface and the erosional soil modulus is nonlin-er,but... Using the quantitive geographical methods,this paper deals with therelationship among the geomorphy factors and its influence on the ero-sional soil surface in loess plateau in north part of Shaanxi Province.We think that there is a good line fitting between the density of gully,the length of slope and erosional soil potential surface,i.e.:Sp=0.673D+8.537H/sina-2.752;R=0.9where.R is the compound correlation coefficient.The relationship be-tween the erosional soil surface and the erosional soil modulus is nonlin-er,but a power relation,that is:M=16.98S~(1.51);R~2=0.97where:R~2 is a correlation index,S=Sp.C;C is a erosional soil surfacecoeffi cient which has relation to vegetation type of mother rock of thesoil and so on. 本文应用数量地理学方法,从陕北黄土高原黄土地貌实际出发,论证侵蚀地貌形态示量要素间的关系及其对土壤侵蚀面的影响。通过相关分析,发现坡长、沟壑密度与土壤侵蚀面间有良好的线性正相关关系,复相关系数为0.9。建立了土壤侵蚀面与区域侵蚀模数间的回归模型,M=16.98S~(1.51);相关系数 R=0.985。从而进一步证明了土壤侵蚀面概念和计算公式的合理性。
|