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This paper describes the researching aim and content of Ergonomics and some problems existing in modern harvesting system such as machine availability,cabia design, occupational accident, noise and vibration, are discussed from the viewpoint of Ergonomics.Furthermore,some improving ways and suggestions are presentedby the author. 本文描述了人体工程学的研究目的和内容、分析和讨论了现代国内外采运系统中存在的主要问题(诸如机器利用率、驾驶室设计、职业事故、噪声和振动等)和改善途径以及作者的建议。 This paper introduces the general situatious and main contents of the "world First conference of Accideut and Injury prevention" and "international congress on strategies for Occupational Accident prevention", which were hold in Sweden in the middle and last ten days of September, 1989, Especially, the survey of the former conference and the 《Manifesto of Stocdholm》 passed on the conference are introduced in this arficle. The slogan "Safty is everybooly's duty to take care of it" and the envisage to set up "the... This paper introduces the general situatious and main contents of the "world First conference of Accideut and Injury prevention" and "international congress on strategies for Occupational Accident prevention", which were hold in Sweden in the middle and last ten days of September, 1989, Especially, the survey of the former conference and the 《Manifesto of Stocdholm》 passed on the conference are introduced in this arficle. The slogan "Safty is everybooly's duty to take care of it" and the envisage to set up "the Global Safety Community" and four suggestions of it's implement were put forward in the manifesto. In this paper, the author also discribes his reflections to the conferences and put forward suggesfions on enhancing the interchanges and cooperations of our safety and health circles with the experts of this field in the other counfries. 本文介绍了1989年9月中下旬在瑞典召开的“世界第一届事故和伤害预防会议”和“职业事故预防对策国际会议”的概况和主要内容。重点介绍了第一个会议的概况和会议通过的《斯德哥尔摩宣言》,该宣言向全球提出了“安全——人人关心、人人有责”的口号,提出了创建“全球安全共同体”的设想及其四项实施建议。文章还阐述了作者的感想,并对加强我国安全卫生界与国际上同行专家的交流与合作提了建设性意见。 Only had recieved the probability of each basic event in the accident could the quantitative analysis of FT be went on, yet the events in large number of occupational accidents are of "fuzzy events", the probabilition of which are incertitude. In this paper, Spontaneous Fire, the typical accident in colliery, was studied, and the method of "fuzzy event" FTA was adopted. In spite of the structure of Spontaneous Fire Fault Tree has been known clearly, the probability of events in the tree can not be recieved accurately.... Only had recieved the probability of each basic event in the accident could the quantitative analysis of FT be went on, yet the events in large number of occupational accidents are of "fuzzy events", the probabilition of which are incertitude. In this paper, Spontaneous Fire, the typical accident in colliery, was studied, and the method of "fuzzy event" FTA was adopted. In spite of the structure of Spontaneous Fire Fault Tree has been known clearly, the probability of events in the tree can not be recieved accurately. Nevertheless, during a long period of experimence in colliery, many experts can discern the possibility of the accident causes by linguistic variables, so that the useful information for FTA in those could be utilized. In this paper, on the thoery of Fuzzy and by the method of "Delphi", 25 experts opinions on Spontaneous Fire were gathered, the probabilities of basic events were decided and the critical importance of events were put in order, the measures of prevention and control the accident were afforded. 许多职业事故的基本致因事件多属于模糊事件,其概率很难确定。本文以煤矿典型危害——内因火灾为例,探讨了模糊概率下的故障树分析问题。煤矿内因火灾故障树虽具有确定的结构形式,其基本致因事件的概率却无法统计。经过长期的生产实践,煤矿中一大批防火专家可以用自然语言较准确地描述基本事件发生的可能性,这就为故障树分析提供了有效信息。文中以模糊数学为基础,引入Delphi方法,征集并整理了25位专家对龙凤矿内因火灾致因的意见,确定了基本事件的模糊概率及其临界重要度排序,提出了行之有效的防治内因火灾措施。
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