The overrunning of opium made modern China disasterridden, and gravely impeded the economic development and social progress of modern China* As to Hunan which had important position in modern Chinese history, the calamity from opium and the struggle of management of it, was one of the phenomena which had profound effect on its politic, economic and social life.
Based on sufficient historical data,this paper,from the perspectives of the Japanese diplomatic envoys,gives a detailed account of such social realities in shanghai after the Second Opium War as refugee rushes,Opium desasters and foreign religion preachment
The paper,through the reviewing of the Sichuan opium flooding in the late period of the 19th century and the beginning period of 20th century,discusses the reason and the danger of Sichuan opium.
Owing to the overflow of opium smuggling, balance of China's international revenues and expenditures was broken, which directly resulted in quantities of silver outflow.