Both groups received combined spinal epidural anesthesia, a mixed 5 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine with dexamethasone 5 mg was injected epidurally at end of operation. Then patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) was applied at a continuous epidural infusion of drugs at 2 ml/ hours with a total volume of 100 ml plus bolus dose 0.5 ml lockout time 15 min.
All patients had patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCFA) postoperatively. PCEA have bupivacaine 187.5 mg + droperidal 5 mg + tramadol 400 mg with 0.9% saline diluted to volume 100 ml at basal infusion of 2 ml/h plus bolus 0.5ml with a lockout time 15 min.
Methods: Fifty-four patients of combined hemorrhoids needed to surgery were divided into three groups: group A was treated with epidural analgesia (20 cases) after operation, group B with partial analgesia (14 cases), group C without any analgesia(20 cases).
Method:The study based on the patientcontrolled analgesia (PCA)in epidural administration. The efficacy of epidural morphine 0.12mg/(kg·d)and fentanyl 10 μg/(kg·d) administration were observed.
The purpose of the paper was to assess and to compare the effectiveness and safety of patient controlled epidural analgesia using tramadol or morphine for postoperative analgesia after major urological surgeries.