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The results of this study showed that the total bacterium counts in bulk Shampoos andin bottled shampoos were 17. 65%(6/34 ) and 8。33%(1/12).These were higher than the sanitarystandard. The total fungus countsin bOth shampoos were 14.7%(5/34)and 8. 33%(1/12),respec-tively. Furthermore,E.coli was found in 5 of the bulk, 1 of the bottied,and Ps.aeruginosa in 2 ofthe bulk. The total bacterium counts of 20 creams , storaged for 3 monthe to l year,were higher thanthe sanitary standard.The total bacteerium... The results of this study showed that the total bacterium counts in bulk Shampoos andin bottled shampoos were 17. 65%(6/34 ) and 8。33%(1/12).These were higher than the sanitarystandard. The total fungus countsin bOth shampoos were 14.7%(5/34)and 8. 33%(1/12),respec-tively. Furthermore,E.coli was found in 5 of the bulk, 1 of the bottied,and Ps.aeruginosa in 2 ofthe bulk. The total bacterium counts of 20 creams , storaged for 3 monthe to l year,were higher thanthe sanitary standard.The total bacteerium and fungus count went beyond the standards by 2 3, 08%(3/13)and 38. 46%(5/13),respectively.E。 coli was found in one of them。Moreover,the MIC and antinticrobial potency of the preservatives in cosmetics were determined。 对本省部分地区市售化妆品进行了细菌、霉茵及防腐剂作用的检查,发现散装洗发香波细菌总数超标率17.65%,霉菌总数超标率14.7%,其中5份发现大肠杆菌,2份发现绿脓杆菌,瓶装洗发香波细菌总数和霉菌总数超标均为8.33%,其中1份发现大陆杆菌,20份膏霜面脂未超标,但使用了3月—1年的膏霜面脂,细菌总数超标率则高达23.08%,并有1份发现大肠杆菌,霉菌总数超标率高达38.46%。因而提出对化妆品的销售方式、用售过程和使用过程的污染应引起重视,南方地区应加强霉菌污染的监测,从微生物学角度对化妆品中防腐刑的抑菌效能和含防腐剂化妆品最小杀菌浓度的测定,以探索在化妆品基质中防腐剂的种类和适宜浓度的选择,并提出联合使用防腐剂、以达浓度低而又安全有效的目的。 Investigations of total number and distribution of microbes at the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were conducted. The sampling sites were located in the Fildes Peninsula area at interval distance of 0.1km,and the farthest sites were about 2.5km away from Great Wall Station. There were totally 35 sampling sites (almost soil samples).The following results were obtained :total number of bacteria counts per gram of soil was 10 3-10 6 at 30°C,and 10 4-10 6 at 16°C,4°C,and total number of fungi counts... Investigations of total number and distribution of microbes at the Fildes Peninsula in Antarctica were conducted. The sampling sites were located in the Fildes Peninsula area at interval distance of 0.1km,and the farthest sites were about 2.5km away from Great Wall Station. There were totally 35 sampling sites (almost soil samples).The following results were obtained :total number of bacteria counts per gram of soil was 10 3-10 6 at 30°C,and 10 4-10 6 at 16°C,4°C,and total number of fungi counts per gram of soil was 10 2-10 3 at 30°C, 16°C and 10 3 at 4°C. All of the bacteria are identifed as 7 genera. They are Micrococcus,Staphylococcus,Pseudomonas Bacillus, Alcaligenes,Flavobacterium,Arthrobacter . All of the fungi belong to 5 genera. They are Penicillium,Cladosporium,Chrysosporium,Aspergillus,Eurotium . Especially,total number of bacteria and fungi under 4°C was more than that under 30°C,and total number of bacteria and fungi of nearby coastline region of the peninsula was also more than that of the land region. The appearances of psychrophilic microbes include mainly Pseudomonas(69%),Bacillus(54%),Penicillium(46%),Aspergillus(17%) at the Fildes Peninsula. A great number of different kinds of psychropholic microbes are also distributed widely in this area. It is clear that total number of bacteria and fungi is useful as a parameter for further study to make sure the effect of psychrophillic microbes of Antarctica environment. 在南极菲尔德斯半岛进行了微生物总菌量的调查。共收集样品35个(以土壤样品为主),从这些样品中计数得到一般细菌总量范围为:103-106cels/g(30°C),104-106cels/g(16°C),104-106cels/g(4°C);一般真菌总量范围为:102-103cels/g(30°C),102-103cels/g(16°C),103cels/g(4°C)。初步鉴定细菌有7个属:微球菌属,葡萄球菌属,节细菌属,黄杆菌属,产碱菌属,假单胞菌属,芽孢杆菌属。真菌有5个属:青霉菌属,金孢霉菌属,枝孢霉菌属,曲霉菌属,散子囊菌属。特别是在绝大多数样品中4°C下培养的一般细菌与真菌总量明显高于30°C下培养的菌量,同时离半岛海岸线近的地区菌量也高于半岛内陆地区的菌量。在该地区,4°C下培养的低温菌出现率主要是假单胞菌属(69%),芽孢杆菌属(54%),青霉菌属(46%),曲霉菌属(17%)。 A study on the microbiological contamination of cosmetics produced and sold in Guangdong province was carried out in 1993. A total of 580 samples was examined. The percentage of samples exceeded the bacteriological standard was 4. 83% and samples of powder, skin protector, hair using and bath using were contaminated more seriously than the others. The percentage of samples which fungus counting>100CFU/ml (g) was 3.29%. We consider taking 100CFU/ml (g) as a fungus limit in cosmetics is acceptable. 本文报道了1993年广东省生产、销售的部分化妆品微生物学检测结果。580份样品的细菌,超标率为4.83%;各类化妆品中以粉类、护肤类、发用类和浴液类污染较严重。456份样品的真菌计数检测表明,含量大于100CFU/ml(g)的占3.29%。笔者认为,以100CFU/ml(g)作为化妆品真菌的限量值是可行的。
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