Methods:The epidemiological survey of T2diabetes were performed in573OPD patients with T2Diabetics and the occurence rate of pretibial black spots(PBS)were studied.
And then it diagnoses black spots, and divides them into seven categories. For each category it determines the main planning, design aspects and main factors of each aspect.
lowed by introduction of research methods of traffic problems, this paper analyzes the influence of highway ac? cident black spots on traffic characteristics and the environment, based on the FRESIM model in TSIS.
Under Cd~（2+） pollution, black spots appeared on leaves and stems of Myriophyllum verticillatum Linn, while under Hg~（2+） pollution, they have no spots and lost the green color evenly.
We described the formation and growth of black spots in OLEDs,and showed that dye doped device ITO/TPD/Alq 3:Rub/Alq 3/Al is more reliable than bilayer organic device ITO/TPD/Alq 3/Al.
at concrete tank environment, AGRW and IGRW of "red color with big black spots" were significantly higher than those of other four kinds of color patterns ( P < 0. 01), but the other four kinds of color patterns had no significant difference ( P > 0.05).
After 28d storage at normal temperature, black spots appeared on the surface. (2) Citric acid quantity (<0.5%) didn't affected obviously on the lightness andredness of red flesh pumelo juice, but affected yellowness (P<0.05).
These black spots are composed of a dislocation loop, parallel to {0001} of 4H-SiC, and strained area at the upper and lower sides of the dislocation loop.
But after annealing, a lot of black spots appear in the implanted layer.
The Frank loops were observed as black spots in the electron microscope and were resolvable only via FIM.
(a) a clean contour-like fracture surface, (b) a contour-like fracture surface including black spots and (c) a cone boundary fracture surface.
When given the choice between males with few (>amp;lt;10% of the body surface) and males with many (>amp;gt;50%) black spots, Italian females preferred males with few black spots and Florida females those with many black spots.
The general histological structure is fundamentally similar to that of the skin of frog (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig. 1). In the superficial layer of the dermis there are large and conspicuous round masses, which are akin to the sieve layer (Siebschicht of Kastschenko) both in appearance and in staining reaction (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig. 1; Pl. Ⅳ, Fig. 6). To our knowledge, the origin and function of these masses as well as the sieve layer are still obscure.According to the living habit, the life of the toad during the year can be divided...
The general histological structure is fundamentally similar to that of the skin of frog (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig. 1). In the superficial layer of the dermis there are large and conspicuous round masses, which are akin to the sieve layer (Siebschicht of Kastschenko) both in appearance and in staining reaction (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig. 1; Pl. Ⅳ, Fig. 6). To our knowledge, the origin and function of these masses as well as the sieve layer are still obscure.According to the living habit, the life of the toad during the year can be divided into three seasons: namely, the hibernating, the breeding and the post-breeding season.In the hibernating season the epidermis reaches its maximal thickness due to increase in cell layer as well as in cell size. Cell division is rare in this season. The superficial layer is evenly cornified and the intensity of comification is intermediate, being stronger than that in the breeding season but less than that in the post-breeding season. This horny layer is connected intimately with the layer below and shows no sign of moulting (Pl.Ⅰ, Fig. 1; Pl. Ⅱ, Fig. 1). The flask-cells of Pfitzner (nucous cells of Legdig or goblet cells of Schultze) are very rare and when present, they are not fully differentiated from the ordinary epidermal cells. Melanophores are greatly expanded both in the epidermis and in the dermis (Pl.Ⅳ, Figs. 4, 3). Dermal papillae are tall and prominent (Pl. Ⅱ, Fig. 1).In the breeding season the epidermis is much thinner than that in the hibernating season. Moulting of skin goes on continuously. In association with moulting the flask-cells increase in number and show vigorous activity in secretion (Pl. Ⅱ, Fig, 2). Numerous amitoses are present in the middle and lower layer of the epidermis. At the initiation of the amitotic division a furrow appears at one side of the nucleus, which deepens and finally cuts the nucleus into two. Sometimes two furrows are formed, causing one nucleus to break up into three. A furrow may start at one end of the long diameter of the elliptical nucleus, causing it to split longitudinally into two daughter nuclei (Pl. Ⅰ, Fig, 2). We call this mode of amitosis furrowing amitosis. The usual mode of amitosis in which the nucleus divides by a central constriction could be found also, but cases are very rare. Mitotic figures are very rare. Melanophores are more or less contracted in the epidermis as well as in the dermis (Pl. Ⅱ, Fig. 2).In the post-breeding season the epidermis is intermediate in thickness between those of hibernating and breeding seasons. Due to the dryness on land the certification of the superficial layer is intense. Sometimes there are three layers of highly cornified cells, while in the other seasons this layer is always simple (Pl. Ⅱ, Figs. 3, 4, 5). Both mitosis and amitosis are present (Pl. Ⅱ, Figs. 6, 7). The former is much more in number than the latter. Wandering cells in the dermis penetrate into the epidermis and become epidermal cells (Pl. Ⅲ, Figs. 1, 2, 3). Flask-cells are fewer in number and less in activity than in the breeding season, hence the moulting of skin goes on slowly. All the melanophores are contracted in the form of a black spot (Pl. Ⅱ, Figs. 3, 4, 5). The blood vessels in the epidermis are greatly expanded, and are therefore easily seen (Pl.Ⅳ, Fig. 6).The nuclei of certain epidermal cells send out processes, which penetrate through the cell membrane and move along the intercellular spaces (Pl. Ⅲ, Figs. 4, 6). Sometimes these processes get into the neighboring cells (Pl. Ⅲ, Figs. 7, 8). In still other cases nuclei sued out coarse processes which come into contact with identical processes sent out by nuclei of neighboring cells (Pl. Ⅲ, Fig. 5). So far as we know, such intercellular activity of nuclei of the epidermal cells has not been heretofore repoifted. Its significance probably lies in the transportation of certain substances such as DNA. Nuclei showing this activity stain more intensively with Feulgen.The above description applies to the typical structures in each season. It is found that at the time between two se
Six known species, two new species and one new subspecies are described, which arecollected in China, and all belonging to the genus Dendrolimus Germar. The charactersused for the identification of species are: the patterns of the forewing, the structure of thescales and genital organs; the size and structures surrounding the micropyle of the eggs;tufts of the subdorsalis anterior of the mature larvae and the shapes of the pupal cre- masters. Besides, keys to adults, eggs and larvae are prepared separately,...
Six known species, two new species and one new subspecies are described, which arecollected in China, and all belonging to the genus Dendrolimus Germar. The charactersused for the identification of species are: the patterns of the forewing, the structure of thescales and genital organs; the size and structures surrounding the micropyle of the eggs;tufts of the subdorsalis anterior of the mature larvae and the shapes of the pupal cre- masters. Besides, keys to adults, eggs and larvae are prepared separately, each basedupon the more common and conspicuous characteristics. Types are preserved in theMuseum of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Peking. Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu, n. sp. Colour variable, being pale greyish brown to deep brown. closely allied to D.punctatus Wk., but with distinguished transverse stripes and not strongly curved costalmargin on the primaries. Submarginal line broken into black spot-series, to line through2 spots in the 1st and 2nd interspaces crossed with the termen. white discocellularspot on primaries much clear than ; transverse stripes distinct; submarginal black spot-series is defined internally by reddish brown colour which is quite different from thatof D. punctatus. Minor harpe. of male genitalia approached to 1/2 the length of the major;mid-antevaginalis of female genitalia large, latero-antevaginalis nearly round. Micropyleend of the eggs without distinct protuberance; surrounding micropyle with 2--3 layers ofinner-layer cells; outer-layer cells with irregular stripe like central invaginations. Abovethe mid- and metathoracic segment of larvae with black belt-like hairy scales; tufts ofsubdorsalis anterior strongly developed; the base of tufts not covered with spindle-shapedscales, only with black hairs; spatulate hairs small, scarcely with dental ends.: length,20—28 mm.; exp., 45—61 mm. : length, 23—30 mm.; exp., 57—75 mm. Holotype: , Hopeh: Lanping (1961, Ⅷ, 2), allotype: , Peking (1955, Ⅶ,21), paratype: 15 specimens (,) from various localities of Hopeh and Liao-ning provinces. Dendrolimus xichangensis Tsai et Liu, n. sp. Primaries light brown; median and postmedian lines deep brown, the interspacebrown; costal margin 1/3 near the apex strongly curved; outer margin wavy. Submarginalline broken into black spot-series, to line through 2 spots in the 1st and 2nd interspacescrossed with the apex. Minor harpe of male genitalia strongly chitinized, with a 90°turning, closely connected with major, mid-antevaginalis and latero-antevaginalis of fe-male genitalia fused together. Micropyle end of the eggs without distinct protuberane;surrounding micropyle without middle layer cells; outer layer cells without central in-vaginations; corner-setae sometimes not distinct, but with distinct basal papilla. Abovethe mid- and metathoracic segment of larvae without black belt-like hairy scales; lateralside of each abdominal segment with black tufts. : length, 37 mm.; exp., 60 mm.: length, 37 mm.; exp., 78 mm. Holotype: , allotype: , Szechuan: Xichang (1959). Dendrolimus kikuchii ochraceus Tsai et Liu, n. ssp. The characters used for the identification of this subspecies are closely allied to D.kikuchii Mats., but with distinguish dark brown color in , distributed in Hunan andKiangsi provinces, with Pinus massoniana Lambert as its hostplant. : length, 38 mm.;exp., 62 mm. : length, 38 mm.; exp., 83 mm. Holotype: , allotype: , Kiangsi: Yifeng (1959, Ⅶ, 3).
松毛虫属变异较复杂,过去文献上的记载比较紊乱,本篇着重以各虫期的形态特征为主,修订记载了我国严重为害松柏科的6种松毛虫,计:西伯利亚松毛虫(Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.),赤松毛虫(D.spectabilis Butler),马尾松毛虫(D.punctatus Walker),铁杉毛虫(D.superansButler),云南松毛虫(D.latipennis Walker),和思茅松毛虫(D.kikuchii Mats.),同时记述了2个新种,计:油松毛虫 (D.tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)和西昌松毛虫(D. xichangensis Tsai et Liu)及1个新亚种:赭色松毛虫(D.kikuchii ochraceus Tsai et Liu)。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 新种油松毛虫和赤松毛虫、马尾松毛虫很近似,但其成虫前翅较狭长,中横线与外横线为白色,亚外缘斑列内侧有白色斑;外生殖器小抱针长度约为大抱针的1/2;外生殖器侧前阴片接近圆形。卵壳上内层室和中层室壁很薄,外层室中央凹下部分呈不规则条状。幼虫毛片束发达,片状毛小,先端极少有齿...
松毛虫属变异较复杂,过去文献上的记载比较紊乱,本篇着重以各虫期的形态特征为主,修订记载了我国严重为害松柏科的6种松毛虫,计:西伯利亚松毛虫(Dendrolimus sibiricus Tschetv.),赤松毛虫(D.spectabilis Butler),马尾松毛虫(D.punctatus Walker),铁杉毛虫(D.superansButler),云南松毛虫(D.latipennis Walker),和思茅松毛虫(D.kikuchii Mats.),同时记述了2个新种,计:油松毛虫 (D.tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu)和西昌松毛虫(D. xichangensis Tsai et Liu)及1个新亚种:赭色松毛虫(D.kikuchii ochraceus Tsai et Liu)。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 新种油松毛虫和赤松毛虫、马尾松毛虫很近似,但其成虫前翅较狭长,中横线与外横线为白色,亚外缘斑列内侧有白色斑;外生殖器小抱针长度约为大抱针的1/2;外生殖器侧前阴片接近圆形。卵壳上内层室和中层室壁很薄,外层室中央凹下部分呈不规则条状。幼虫毛片束发达,片状毛小,先端极少有齿状突起,无贴体倒伏鳞毛。 新种西昌松毛虫和云南松毛虫、思茅松毛虫比较近似,但成虫前翅中横线与外横线之间明显形成褐色宽带;外生殖器前阴片愈合成一块。卵壳表面无花斑。幼虫胸部背面无明显毒毛带,但体侧有黑丛毛。根据以上几点,显然和其他两种松毛虫有区别。 新亚种赭色?
Consideration on various grounds has led to the inclusion of three new species ofladybeetles in the Coccinellidae fascicle of the Economic Series of the Chinese InsectFauna, now going to the press. To make available the species names proposed and tofacilitate future reference, new species descriptions are herewith published in advance inthis journal. In the course of the present study, the external genitalia of both the male andfemale sex have proved, as of wont, exceedingly helpful in species discrimination....
Consideration on various grounds has led to the inclusion of three new species ofladybeetles in the Coccinellidae fascicle of the Economic Series of the Chinese InsectFauna, now going to the press. To make available the species names proposed and tofacilitate future reference, new species descriptions are herewith published in advance inthis journal. In the course of the present study, the external genitalia of both the male andfemale sex have proved, as of wont, exceedingly helpful in species discrimination. Es-pecially worth mentioning is a hitherto neglected structure--the basal "handle"-like por-tion of the genital plate or the "Stiel" in Verhoeff's terminology, which has shown pos-sibilities of being more widely made use of in future investigations of Coccinellid taxo-nomy. It first attracted attention in the comparative study of the female genital platesof Coccinella undecimpunctata and C. geminopunctata(a new species to be describedpresently), two forms closely resembling each other in point of elytral pattern but differ-ing widely if genitalia are taken into account. This basal portion of the genital plateof C. 11-punctata is short and bluntly rounded at the end, whereas that of C. gemino-punctata is long and crenate at the corresponding point. Again in the three species ofBallia studied, B. obscurosignata sp. n. has a hooked end, while in B. korschefskyi andB. didnae, the end is branched though in quite different manners (fig. 3, A & B). Forthe sake of easier reference, the term capulus (Lat., a handle) has been proposed. The three new species described in this paper are: Coccinella geminopunctata, C.longifasciata and Ballia obscurosignata. Coccinella geminopunctata resembles closely C. undecimpunctata in having an identicalnumber of black spots (11 altogether) and in their general disposition on the elytra, butmay be readily distinguished by its two apical spots being at one level in contrast to thefore-and-aft placement in the Linnaean species. Their genitalia are evidently of verydifferent types. The penis in the new species has a wedge-shaped cleft at about themiddle on each side, while the 11-punctata penis has the sides entire. But the greatestdifference is shown in the capulus as discussed in the paragraph immediately preceding.In point of general form of the penis, C. geminopunctata shows similarity to C. trans-versoguttata, a species with totally different elytral pattern. The new species can more-over be distinguished at sight by its larger body size. Coccinella longifasciata distinguishes itself by having a longitudinal black stripe onthe elytral disc, besides one on the suture. The elytral stripe, by virtue of its obliqueposition, offers a clue to its having possibly been derived from the basic pattern ofDobzhansky (1926) (fig.4), with the extension and confluence of spots 1, 3, 5 and theoblitration of the two lateral spots. So far as the writer is aware, this type of patternis quite rare, if not unique, in the genus Coccinella. In the male genitalia structures, C.longifasciata shows some resemblance to C. trifasciata in the shape of the penis but differsin having the basal portion narrowed, whereas in the other it is wide throughout. It isalso obvious that the coalescence of the spots is longitudinal in one and transverse in theother. Ballia obscurosignata is characterized by the peculiarity shown in the indistinctnessof the white-colored pattern, which, moreover, is quite variable. The genitalia conformto the type of the genus but in the capulus it shows an individuality not approached bythe two congenric species (B. korschefskyi and dianae) currently investigated. This specieswas found on pine trees both in the north and the south, and is evidently an aphidfeeder. As an adjunct to this study and a continuation of a previous effort (Liu, 1950),proposals have been advanced to revise and supplement the Chinese terminology of thegenitalia structures of the Coccinellidae.
black spots
黑斑
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