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A preliminary study was made on the habitat and activity of E. sinensis in Lunghwa area,a suburb of Shanghai, from January to August 1959. Out of 53 houses examined, 27 (50.9%) were found to be infested with this cockroach—afact which indicated the wide distribution of the roach in the rural area. The main breedingplace, according to the present observation, is the loose soil under the kitchen stove. 24-hour observation was carried out to determine the activity of E. sinensis,and the recordwas made hourly.... A preliminary study was made on the habitat and activity of E. sinensis in Lunghwa area,a suburb of Shanghai, from January to August 1959. Out of 53 houses examined, 27 (50.9%) were found to be infested with this cockroach—afact which indicated the wide distribution of the roach in the rural area. The main breedingplace, according to the present observation, is the loose soil under the kitchen stove. 24-hour observation was carried out to determine the activity of E. sinensis,and the recordwas made hourly. It was found that the roach is chiefly nocturnal in habit. It appeared at 7P.M., and reached the peak of its activity between 8--11 P.M. Gradual quiescence ensued until6 A.M. at which time it disappeared almost completely from the surface of the soil. The majority of the population was found 2.5--4 cm. under the ground during day time,the deepest at. 5 cm. In the night, most of them were found on the surface of the soil or withinthe range of 1 cm. underneath, the deepest at 3.5 cm. The average crawling speed was also determined as follows: 1512.3 cm/min. 650cm/min and nymph 474.29 cm/min. Of the roaches 84.37% showed their activity within the rangeof 30 cm. on the ground near the base of the kitchen stove. 本文报告了中华地鳖活动习性的观察结果:调查了53户农村住宅,发现中华地鳖的户数有27户(50.9%),证明它的分布较为普遍,并表明它的孳生地点主要是在靠灶墙足的松土中。 它的活动时间自晚7时开始,8—11时达高峯,随后逐为减少,至翌晨6时全部消失 于地面。爬行速度,雄虫1512.3厘米/分钟,雌虫650厘米/分钟,若虫474.29厘米/分钟。白昼它在土中的深度以2.5—4厘米之间为最多,最深可达5厘米,但在夜晚,则以地面及1厘米深度处为多,最深仅达3.5厘米,活动距离的测定看出,占84.37%虫数是活动于30厘米距离之内,未见及活动于高出地面所在,说明它的活动范围较为狭窄。 并对它的孳生地,分布,活动的时间性及机制,与人类的关系等问题作了较详细的讨论。 A study was made on the local methods of incubating geese eggs in Foochow. 25-30 eggs were put in each net bag, and five bags of eggs were arranged in six levels in a large wooden barrel. Temperature was maintained by putting a pot of slowly burning charcoal underneath the barrel. The technicians measured the temperature of eggs by putting them over the eyelid. Turning and cooling of eggs was accomplished by rearranging the net bags four times a day.In studying the tenperature flutuations during incubation,... A study was made on the local methods of incubating geese eggs in Foochow. 25-30 eggs were put in each net bag, and five bags of eggs were arranged in six levels in a large wooden barrel. Temperature was maintained by putting a pot of slowly burning charcoal underneath the barrel. The technicians measured the temperature of eggs by putting them over the eyelid. Turning and cooling of eggs was accomplished by rearranging the net bags four times a day.In studying the tenperature flutuations during incubation, clinical thermometers were put near by the eggs at different levels. It was found that during the first day the temperature was about 37°C., about 40°C. on the second, third and fourth days. From the fifth day to the ninth day the temperature was lowered down to about 37°C., from the tenth day on, the thmperature was slightly raised to about 38.5°C.By using these local methods, about 62% of the eggs hatched. Some of the embryos died during the latter period of incubation. The possible causes of death of the embryos are disccussed.Because of the fact that only simple equipments are needed, these methods of incubating geese eggs are suitable to be used in the rural districts, especially those places where electricity is lacking. However, they need further improvements in order to obtain a higher hatching percentage. 1. 福州市孵育场系采用?孵法孵鹅蛋.每?可孵鹅蛋125-150粒,分五层安置.第一层(最下一层)为1-5日的蛋,第二层为6-10日的,第三层为11-15日的,第四层为16-20日的,第五层为21-25日的.?下放火盆一个,以保持?内温度.温度的调节全完依靠技工的经验.2. 经作者等用体温计测定鹅蛋孵化的温度变化:第一天温度较低,约37℃左右,因蛋刚入?,温度不能立即上升;第二、第三、第四天温度较高,约40℃,以促进胚胎之发育;第五天温度渐渐降到38℃.第十天以后又开始升高至38.5℃左右. 3. 土法孵鹅蛋的孵化率,平均约62%;在孵化后期,胚胎死亡率较大,这可能由于孵化后期,温度变化较大,使胚胎忍受不了温度的急骤变化而死亡.4. 用土法孵鹅蛋,设备简单,操作方便,不需要电力.在各地人民公社、农村、山区,特别是缺乏电力的地区,甚为适用,但需进一步的改进,以便使孵化率提高. In order to suit the requirements of simple, rapids but not precise surveying in the people's communes of rural community, we designed and constructed a set of Simple instruments, including transit, level and pendulumlevel. These instruments, except few individual parts, are made entirely of wood, and therefore suitable for the purpose of simple and rapid surveying in the civil engineering construction, such as location survey of highways, irrigation channels, etc. The advantages of these instruments... In order to suit the requirements of simple, rapids but not precise surveying in the people's communes of rural community, we designed and constructed a set of Simple instruments, including transit, level and pendulumlevel. These instruments, except few individual parts, are made entirely of wood, and therefore suitable for the purpose of simple and rapid surveying in the civil engineering construction, such as location survey of highways, irrigation channels, etc. The advantages of these instruments are: (1) Light in weight; (2) Lower in price; (3) Simple in operation. 为了适应农村人民公社进行简单而快速,但精度要求不高的测量的需要,去年我组由教师、技工、辅助员和同学共同努力,设计和制造了一套简便测量仪据,包括经纬仪、水准仪和自动水准仪。这些仪器,除个别部份外,都是由木料制成;因而十分适合于工程建设中的道路、河道等简单而快速的测量。它们具有如下几个优点:(1)重量轻;(2)造价低;(3)操作简便。
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