The previous research on Qing history, modern history and world Sinology puts great emphasis on society of Han people and city history on treaty ports inshore and along Yangtse River.
The "pidgin" English, a variety of English evolving along the coastal treaty ports in the Old China, has been greatly affected by the Chinese phonetic and grammatical rules and idioms.
Qingdao and Yantai specifically, due to their privileged positions, became treaty ports ruled by western colonizers in the later period of the 19th century.
After the treaty ports were opened, broker's storehouses grew first in port cities, then extended gradually into inland markets and the principal lines of trade in native and foreign goods.
In these stages, the Chinese government had weak control over FDI in general, especially in treaty ports.
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Chinese law was not enforceable against foreign interests on Chinese soil in the foreign-administered enclaves of the treaty ports.
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By treaty, those treaty ports became foreign colonies on China's own land, in which foreigners secured exclusive rights of trade without restraints.
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City system and urbanization are the two main problems for the study of urban geography. Contents of this paper consist of three parts: (1) a brief history on the development of city system in China; (2) an introduction of some theories which are closely related to urbunization; (3) an opinion by the author on the route of urbanization in China.In China, the first agricultural settlement appeared in Atlantic Epoch near 7 000-5 000 a BP, when the optimum climate was favourable to the development of agricultu...
The rise of broker's storehouses was the result of changes in the modern market structure. They benefited from new trends, and furthered existing trends. After the treaty ports were opened, broker's storehouses grew first in port cities, then extended gradually into inland markets and the principal lines of trade in native and foreign goods. On the one hand, broker's storehouses connected trade conducted by foreign firms with Chinese merchant management, and promoted the exchange of native and f...
Medical missionary method was shaped by the Protestant missionaries to China in 1830's, when the missionaries tried to work out some special methods to cope with the special social and cultural condition they encountered in China. The missionaries hoped to improve the conditions for their evangelical efforts by supply free medical service for Chinese people.“The Medical Missionary Society in China”, founded in 1838, was the organization pursuing the method. From 1830's to 1850, the early times for medical m...