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Among the plant species with a wide range of radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation, Brassica napus L. is one of the most resistant plants, and barley is a rather sensitive one. The inhibition of barley growth induced by medium dosage of Xirradiation was decreased by pre-irradiation treatment with the extract of rape seedlings. After dilution of the extract 4 or 6 times, there was still the radioprotective effect of the extract. After the extract was heated in boiling water bath for 5 minutes. The protective... Among the plant species with a wide range of radiosensitivity to ionizing radiation, Brassica napus L. is one of the most resistant plants, and barley is a rather sensitive one. The inhibition of barley growth induced by medium dosage of Xirradiation was decreased by pre-irradiation treatment with the extract of rape seedlings. After dilution of the extract 4 or 6 times, there was still the radioprotective effect of the extract. After the extract was heated in boiling water bath for 5 minutes. The protective effect remained. The extracts of wheat, pea and soybean prepared by the same method had no such protective effect. The extracts of B. chinensis L. and B. juncea Coss. had the same protective effect on barley. 不同种的高等植物对电离辐射的敏感性相差很大。油菜对辐射的抗性很强。而元麦则较为敏感。用油菜、青菜和芥菜幼芽提取液预处理元麦萌发种子后能减轻中等照射量的X射线对元麦生长的抑制作用。而小麦、豌豆和大豆的提取液则无效。用油菜、青菜、芥菜、雪里蕻、萝卜和甘蓝的幼芽提取液以及蔊菜花序和叶提取液预处理小麦萌发种子后也具有同样作用,以甘蓝提取液的效果最好。十字花科植物可能存在某种天然的辐射保护物质。对油菜提取液进行定性鉴定试验,表明它与芥子碱溶液的反应相同。又用芥子碱硫氰酸盐预处理小麦萌发种子也具有同样的辐射保护效应。十字花科植物中存在的天然辐射保护物质可能就是芥子碱类物质或其衍生物。 The rape seedling which germinated in hormone media were with bigger and thicker cotyledens,lesser and shorter roots,stronger and shorter hypoco-tyls.Sometimes, calluses were directly formed from hypocotyls fo seedling, alluses could usually be induced formation in the range from 1-3 mg/1 2,4-D, but adding 0.1 to 1 mg/1 6BA in them,it was beneficial to calluses defferen-tiation later. The induced frequency of callus of cotyleden was higher than hypocotyl's. The induced frequency of DSV-SR-50, a'double... The rape seedling which germinated in hormone media were with bigger and thicker cotyledens,lesser and shorter roots,stronger and shorter hypoco-tyls.Sometimes, calluses were directly formed from hypocotyls fo seedling, alluses could usually be induced formation in the range from 1-3 mg/1 2,4-D, but adding 0.1 to 1 mg/1 6BA in them,it was beneficial to calluses defferen-tiation later. The induced frequency of callus of cotyleden was higher than hypocotyl's. The induced frequency of DSV-SR-50, a'double lower'cultivar, was the highest in three cultivars.The calluses derived from hypocotyl which germinated in hormone medium were initiated earlier, developed quicklier and a higher induced frequency . However, they could be directly differentiated shoots in induced medium. Calluses could be differentiated shoots in B5 media containing 1 mg/1 IAA and 1 to 7 mg/1 6BA, but its differentiated frequency was the highest in 3 or 5 mg/1 6BA media . The differentiated frequency of Small Tower was the highest with 45. 65%, following DSV-SR-50 34.32%, Liglando 22.79%.The pre-medium and genotype of meterials related with the inducation and differentiation of calluse was discussed. 在有激素培养基中萌发的油菜种苗的子叶大而厚、根少而短、下胚轴粗短,并有少数愈伤组织出现。2,4—D1~3mg/1均能诱导愈伤组织形成,添加0.1~1mg/16BA有利于愈伤组织的分化培养。子叶愈伤组织诱导率高于下胚轴,三个品种中,双低油菜DSV—SR—50的诱导率最高。来自激素萌发培养基的下胚轴的愈伤组织发生早、发展快、诱导频率高,并有直接分化出芽的。愈伤组织在含有IAA1mg/l和6BA1~7mg/l的B5培养基中都能分化出芽,但以添加6BA3~5mg/l对频率最高。小塔的愈伤组织分化频率最高为45.65%,以下为DSV—SR—5034.32%,Liglando 22.79%。并讨论了前期培养基和材料基因型与愈伤组织诱导分化的问题。 The authors' experiment showed that spraying palcobutrazol (PP_(333)) upon rape seedlings might make leaf color darker,leaf blade thicker,total number of leaves per plant greater,chlorophyll content higher,leaf stalk shorter,root collar thicker,root system more developed and shoot-root ratio smaller as compared with control (non-sprayed) seedlings.The results of determination indicated that carbohyd- rate content and dry weight per plant of sprayed plants were higher than those of con- trol seedlings.The... The authors' experiment showed that spraying palcobutrazol (PP_(333)) upon rape seedlings might make leaf color darker,leaf blade thicker,total number of leaves per plant greater,chlorophyll content higher,leaf stalk shorter,root collar thicker,root system more developed and shoot-root ratio smaller as compared with control (non-sprayed) seedlings.The results of determination indicated that carbohyd- rate content and dry weight per plant of sprayed plants were higher than those of con- trol seedlings.The sprayed plant had cellular seructure closely arranged and tissues well developed.They were consistently more vigourous than the control plants from winter to spring.Their flower bud differentiation was also stronger.The experiment proved that rape seed yield of plants sprayed with 100—200 ppm PP_(333) at 2 or 3-leaf stages was 10.0—17.5% higher than that of the control plant with significant diffe- rence at the 1% level.The main reason of higher seed yield of sprayed plants was that siliqua number per plant increased as compared to that of control plants. 油菜秧苗使用多效唑,能促使叶色深绿,叶片增厚,总叶数和绿叶数增加,叶柄变短,根颈增精,根系发达,明显呈现出矮健粗壮的长势。经测定,植株含糖量增加,干物重提高,细胞结构排列紧密,组织发达,充分表现出壮秧的生理基础。越冬至开春阶段,生长速度加快,长势旺盛,表现为绿叶数、叶面积、苔高、茎粗、根预粗等均高于对照,且花芽分化势强,表明具有冬壮春发的效应。油菜在2—3叶期,喷100-200ppm 多效唑,有10%~17.5%的增产效果,达到1%的显著性差异,其增产原因,主要是单株角果数的增加。
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