|
Groundwater temperature gradient in a deep well precisely reflects heat flow value at that point. The relationship between heat flow measurement and earthquake prediction and the state-of-the-art of the heat flow measurement technology are described briefly. Theoretical and experimental results of an optical fibre sensor for deep well groundwater temper erature gradient measurement, which can measure temperature at the accuracyof of 10^5 to 10^- 6 ℃ and can get 10^5 heat flow values at one measurement,... Groundwater temperature gradient in a deep well precisely reflects heat flow value at that point. The relationship between heat flow measurement and earthquake prediction and the state-of-the-art of the heat flow measurement technology are described briefly. Theoretical and experimental results of an optical fibre sensor for deep well groundwater temper erature gradient measurement, which can measure temperature at the accuracyof of 10^5 to 10^- 6 ℃ and can get 10^5 heat flow values at one measurement, are given in detail. 深井水温梯度精确地反映了地表热流量的大小。本文先简述了地表热流量与地震预报的关系,然后介绍了地表热流测量技术的现状,最后详细报告了精度达10~(-5)到10~(-6)℃、一次可测得10~(-5)个热流值的光纤深井水温梯度传感器的理论和实验研究结果。 This paper makes a break--through in the control method for level and flow inwater service system with deep well pump, which is usually emplemented by PID linear feedback control and conventional bang--bang control. The parameter self--adjusting nonlinear conlrol strategy is proposed for first time and the large capacity frequency converter is developed toreform the constant speed system of deep well pump. The new strategy which overcomes theunfavourable effect resulting from the inherent nonlinearity... This paper makes a break--through in the control method for level and flow inwater service system with deep well pump, which is usually emplemented by PID linear feedback control and conventional bang--bang control. The parameter self--adjusting nonlinear conlrol strategy is proposed for first time and the large capacity frequency converter is developed toreform the constant speed system of deep well pump. The new strategy which overcomes theunfavourable effect resulting from the inherent nonlinearity of the asynchronous motor and water pump, realizes the high reliability, stronger robustness control for deep well pump with alow cost. These kinds of systems have been put in to operation since July 1992 to replace theconstant speed system. It has been proved that these systems are convenient to use and are reliable. Moreover, it can achieve substantial effects in water--saving and energy--saving. 本文突破了国内外关于深井泵供水系统的液位、流量采用PID线性反馈控制和常规BANG-BANG控制的观点,首次提出了参数自调整非线性反馈控制策略,并研制了大容量变频器来改造深井泵恒速系统。新控制策略克服了异步电机、水泵数学模型中固有非线性带来的不利影响,实现了深井泵的低成本、高可靠性、强鲁棒性自动控制,节约了大量的水资源和电能。此类系统已于1992年7月投入实际运行以取代恒速系统,运行结果表明:该系统使用方便、运行可靠,而且节水节电效果显著。 This paper presents the study and applications of water jet technology in petroleum engineering. A mathematic model of pressure and water power attenuation, under the condition of submergence and non\|freedom, is setup through experiments. A novel method and its model are established to gain maximum hydraulic power at bottomhole and optimize water parameters. In addition, the basic equation and structure model of two kinds of resonating chamber are set up according to transient flow theory and hydro\|acoustics.... This paper presents the study and applications of water jet technology in petroleum engineering. A mathematic model of pressure and water power attenuation, under the condition of submergence and non\|freedom, is setup through experiments. A novel method and its model are established to gain maximum hydraulic power at bottomhole and optimize water parameters. In addition, the basic equation and structure model of two kinds of resonating chamber are set up according to transient flow theory and hydro\|acoustics. Under the impact of drilling biaxial stress, a model of predicting the fracture propagation is founded utilizing rock fracture mechanics. On the base of above models and theories, three new kinds of bits, i.e. extended nozzle roller bit, self\|resonating water jet bit and combined jet and mechanical rock\|cutting bit, are developed. Also, the paper points the prospects of applications of water jet technology in deep\|well drilling, low\|permeability reservoir production, and enhanced oil production. [ 论述了水射流技术在我国石油工程中的研究和应用情况。应用实验方法建立了淹没非自由射流压力及水功率衰减计算模型 ,建立了以井底获得最大水功率 ,优选水力参数设计的新方法和新模型。应用瞬态流理论及水声学原理建立了两种谐振腔的基本关系式和结构数学模型。建立了在钻井双向应力作用下 ,岩石裂纹发展方向模型。介绍了研制的 3种新型高效钻头 ,即加长喷嘴牙轮钻头、自振射流钻头和射流及机械联合破岩钻头。展望了水射流技术在超高压射流钻井、稠油及低渗油藏开采、提高采收率等方面的应用前景。
|