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Based upon the natural disaster properties both in social and natural,the requirementscriterions and methods of natural disaster appraising have been explored in this paper.On thebasis of the calamity degree,an evaluation of natural disaster loss on absolute value,anotherconcept of relative value of natural disaster loss,the calamity damaged rate,has been ad-vanced.And the classified of the calamity damaged rate has been suggested.The conversionof the fixed price of the calamity loss has been discussed too.... Based upon the natural disaster properties both in social and natural,the requirementscriterions and methods of natural disaster appraising have been explored in this paper.On thebasis of the calamity degree,an evaluation of natural disaster loss on absolute value,anotherconcept of relative value of natural disaster loss,the calamity damaged rate,has been ad-vanced.And the classified of the calamity damaged rate has been suggested.The conversionof the fixed price of the calamity loss has been discussed too. The level of the social property loss caused by the natural disaster has been scientificallyand quanitatively described by the establishment of the concepts of calamity degree and thecalamity damaged rate. The calamity damaged rate is the measure of natural disaster loss in relative.It indicatesThe ratios of the natural disaster loss to the local economy and total products.the establish-ment of the concepts both of the calamity degree and the calamity damaged rate has a greatsignificance on the hazards classification,rescue,insurance and its management. 本文从自然灾害的社会属性和自然属性出发,对自然灾害损失评估的工作准则、评估指标和方法进行了探索.在自然灾害损失绝对值度量指标——灾度的基础上,进一步提出了标度自然灾害损失的相对量指标——灾损率的概念,并建立了灾损率的等级划分标准,同时还讨论了自然灾害损失的可比价值换算问题。灾度和灾损率概念的确立,使自然灾害对社会财富的损失程度有了较为科学的、定量化的等级描述.灾度和灾损率的概念应用于灾害强度描述、救灾投入、灾害保险、减灾工作评价等方面具有重要的意义。 Fire hazard travel ability of shaft and roadway mainly depends on whether or not there are high temperature toxic gases in the roadway conditions. Based on development of the hazard, the authors have divided the routes into three classes, namely, ideal route, feasible route and escape route. This paper proposes a calculation expression which can be used to assess feasibility of different types of rescue and escape routes. All the factors that influence the speed of travel in shaft and roadway are analyzed... Fire hazard travel ability of shaft and roadway mainly depends on whether or not there are high temperature toxic gases in the roadway conditions. Based on development of the hazard, the authors have divided the routes into three classes, namely, ideal route, feasible route and escape route. This paper proposes a calculation expression which can be used to assess feasibility of different types of rescue and escape routes. All the factors that influence the speed of travel in shaft and roadway are analyzed and a corresponding model is established. A new method for calculating the best rescue and escape routes are also put forward. 在矿井火灾灾变时期,井巷可通行性主要根据巷道内是否具有高温有毒有害气体而确定。避灾路线的选择与灾情的发展及井巷的条件有关。根据灾情的发展情况,作者将避灾路线分为三种类型,即理想的避灾路线、可行的避灾路线和逃生的避灾路线。文中对不同类型的避灾与救灾路线的可通行性提出了判别计算式,对影响井巷通行速度的各种因素进行了分析并建立了相应的计算模型;还提出了求解k条最佳救灾与避灾路线简便适用的新方法。 in this paper, the characteristica of mine fire are analyzed. The structure, function and concept of an expert system for mine fire rescue are discussed. Finally, two mining examples of inference engine of the system are given. 对矿井火灾的特点进行了分析,阐述了矿井火灾救灾专家系统的结构、功能及设计思路。最后给出了两个推理机的运行实例。
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