The possibilities of reducing the drag in pipes with a circular cross section by lining them with riblets have been investigated experimentally for developed turbulent air flow.
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Endothelial cells of the vascular inner lining, in addition to their barrier functions, play certain regulatory roles.
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The internal photosynthetic membranes are represented by concentric lamellae lining the cell wall.
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The intestinal lining lacks a cuticle and is composed of mainly polyfunctional vesicular enterocytes.
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No changes in the cellular composition of the lining epithelium of the intestine were revealed during the annual cycle.
After taking into consideration of the deformation of rocks in confor- mity with tunnel lining,the effect of the structural forces within the ro- cks actlng on the tunnel linlng,the extension of lining cracks against the rocks around and the construction peculiarities botween the tunnel lining and its cracks,the author dealt with the calculation of the circular non- lining tunnels,the concrete lined tunnels,and the reinforced concree li- ned tunnels as welt as the improvement in the ...
On the basis of variational principle,this paper derives formulas for calculating two different critical external pressures of steel lining with an initially non-circular cross-section, which subjects respectively to conditions of limit equilibrium and elastic stability. Furthermore, the paper discusses the effect of the initial non-circularity on the first critical external pressure, and also discusses the mechanism of buckling destruction and the rational method of calculating steel linings un...
In this paper,based on the cracking mechanism of lining of circular pressure tunnel, formulas about crack spacing and width of the lining under the acting of inside water pressure were derived by means of the theory of bending beam on elastic foundation. Some examinations were carried out according to the data of field water pressure test in several existed projects.Besides, the tangential reaction on the lining after cracking,the affect of reinforcement on the crack as well as the problem...