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      valence shell
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  valence shell
The driving force behind the rules of the valence shell electron pair repulsion model
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Ab initio calculations in a split-valence shell 6-31G(d) basis for the 2-chloro-1,4-dioxane (with axial and equatorial Cl atom) and 2,3-cis-dichloro-1,4-dioxane molecules with full optimization of their geometry were performed.
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Platinum has 10 electrons in its valence shell which makes one of its excited states to be a closed 5d10-6s0 state.
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Its valence shell electron configuration is the same as Calcium and so this isotope is easily fixed in the bones.
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Expanded valence shell of sulfur in certain thiolesters
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         The crystal and molecular structures of the title compound have been determined from three-dimensional X-ray diffraction data. The cryatal is mono-clinic with a = 11.073 (2) , b = 13.766 (1) , c = 11.229 (11) A, β= 99.36 (5)°, Z = 4, space group P21/n. The observed and calculated densities are 1.60 and 1.631g/cm3 respectively. The structure was solved by heavy atom method and refined by full-matrix least squares to a conventional R facter of 0.085 for 2293 independent intensities greater than 3σ.Two benzoic...
            3,6—二[二甲氨基]二苯并碘六圆氯化物的晶体呈淡黄色六棱柱状。该晶体所属的空间群是P2_1/n,晶胞参数为;a=11.073(2),b=13.766(1),c=11.229(11),β=99.36(5)°,Z=4。在CAD—4四圆衍射仪上用Mo-Kα射线收录了Ⅰ≥3σ(Ⅰ)的独立衍射数据2293个。晶体结构用重原子法解出,晶体结构参数经全矩阵最小二乘方法修正,偏离因子R=0.085。 结构测定结果表明,分子中二苯环不共面,其二面交角约为133°。值得指出的是,围绕对称心成心对称的一对分子呈二聚状态。二聚体中二碘原子、二氯原子及与碘原子毗邻的四个碳原子共处于一个平面。二聚体中I—C1间距有3.074和3.102两种,围绕碘原子的四个键角值为90°左右。在二聚体中碘原子以dsp~2。杂化轨道与周围的二氯原子、二碳原子键合。
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         The crystal structure of (C5H7S2)2 ((SbCl3)2S) has been determined by the heavy atom method and refined by full matrix least squares technique on CAD-4 diffractometer to R=0.067. The space group is C2/c with a=14.531(2), b=11.265(2), c=15.364(3)A. β=112.72(1) and 2=4. The result shows that the crystal is ionic,consisting of a planar five-membered ring (C5H7S2)+ cation and a((SbCl3)2S)2- anion. In the anion, each Sb atom makes use of foursp3d hybrid orbitals to combine with three Cl atoms and a bridging S at...
            [C_5H_7S_2]_2[(SbC1_3)_2S]的晶体结构采用x射线衍射法测定。晶体属于卑斜晶系,空间群C2/c,a=14.531(2),b=11.265(2),c=15.364(3),B=112.72(1)°,Z=4。在CAD-4四圆衍射仪上收集数据,用重原子法解出结构并经全矩阵最小二乘法修正。R=0.067。研究表明,该离子晶体中,[C_5H_7S_2]~+的C、S骨架具有平面构型,而[(SbCl_3)_2S]~(2-)的构型是:Sb原子周围形成缺位的准三角双锥构型,两个Sb准三角双锥通过共用S桥形成二聚体,∠Sb-S-Sb=98°,整个阴离子具有C_2对称性。
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         A simultaneous optimization of geometry and orbital exponents in ab initiocalculations is studied.The simplex method is employed in the optimization,and the STO-3G basis set is chosen.Full geometry optimizations with and wi-thout optimizing the STO exponents are carried out on hydrogen,methane,am-monia,water,hydrogen fluoride as well as their deprotonated species,The res-ults without exponent optimization are in excellent agreement with the dataavailable in literature.The resulting deprotonation energies ar...
            研究了从头算几何与轨道指数的同时优化.采用单纯形法优化,并选用STO-3G 基集合,对氢、甲烷、氨、水、氟化氢及其脱质子物作了不优化或同时优化STO 指数的全几何优化.不优化指数的结果与文献中已有的数据符合得很好.加上价层STO 指数的优化,结果使脱质子能得到改善.
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