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Spraying control wlth scraping for cytospora canker of poplar and selection trials in field have been carried by culturing five antagonistic fungi species selected before on solid medium (PDA) and Czapek' s solution and obtaining spores and fermentation solution of these species, Trichoderma sp. , penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. , Eurotium so. and Fusarium sp. The results tested in lab. show that: The inhibition effects of Trickoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. are better than that of others by culture method... Spraying control wlth scraping for cytospora canker of poplar and selection trials in field have been carried by culturing five antagonistic fungi species selected before on solid medium (PDA) and Czapek' s solution and obtaining spores and fermentation solution of these species, Trichoderma sp. , penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. , Eurotium so. and Fusarium sp. The results tested in lab. show that: The inhibition effects of Trickoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. are better than that of others by culture method of replica-plating; All culture filtrates of these species show obvious inhibition effects on the germination of pathsgenic spores; In the inoculation test, the effect of antagonists inoculated first is the best (33.3%-100%) , the mixed inoculation is second (0.0%-72.2%) and afterwards inoculated is the worst (5.6%-33.3%). The results of selection test in field show that : The control effects of spore suspension solution is better than that of fermentation solution, and the Trickoderma sp. and the Fusarium sp. are the best as well as surviving longer on the trunk among them. The cured rate is above 7.0% but for Aspergillus sp.. 通过已筛选出的对杨烂皮病有明显拮抗作用的5种菌种:,Trichoderma sp.,Penicillinm sp., Aspergillus sp., Eurotium sp., Fusarium sp., 用PDA固体培养基和查彼(czapek)培养液培养,分别获得各菌种抱子和发酵液,对扬烂皮病树刮皮喷雾防治,进行林间筛选试验。室内测定结果表明:平扳对峙培养,Trichoderma sp.和Fusarium sp.的抑菌效果好于其它三种拮抗菌;孢子萌发试验,5种菌的培养过滤液均对病菌孢子萌发有较强的抑制作用;接种试验,先接拮抗效果最好,为33.3%—100%,混合接效果要次之,为0%—72.2%,后接效果最差,为5.6%—33.3%。林间筛选试验结果表明,孢悬液防治效果好于发酵液防治,其中Tyichodeyma sp.和Fusayium sp.的防治效果最好,而且在树干上存活时间较长。治愈率除Aspergillus sp.外,均达70%以上。 193 strains of bacteria and 90 strains of fungi were isolated and purified from crop stalks and cotton soil samples. Among them 26 strains of antagonistic bacteria and antagonistic fungi to Phytophthora boehmeriae were selected by using pair culture method. The bioassay indicated that the treatment of inoculating sporangia of P.boehmeriae on cotton bolls 24 h after applying the antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus sp. MB 3, MB 7, MB 8, BC 1) was much better than the treatment of inoculating... 193 strains of bacteria and 90 strains of fungi were isolated and purified from crop stalks and cotton soil samples. Among them 26 strains of antagonistic bacteria and antagonistic fungi to Phytophthora boehmeriae were selected by using pair culture method. The bioassay indicated that the treatment of inoculating sporangia of P.boehmeriae on cotton bolls 24 h after applying the antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus sp. MB 3, MB 7, MB 8, BC 1) was much better than the treatment of inoculating the sporangia immediately after applying the bacteria. The control effects were 60%-80% and 30%-40% respectively. The relative control effects against cotton boll phytophthora blight by MB 3 and MB 7 were 34.9% and 45.4% in the field testing, and were significantly higher than that in the chemical control. In addition, the action mechanism of antagonists were also briefly discussed. 从作物茎内和棉田土中分离纯化到193株细菌和90株真菌,通过平板对峙法筛选出对棉铃疫菌具拮抗作用的细菌26株和真菌16株。室内离体棉铃生测表明,施用拮抗菌(芽孢杆菌MB-3、MB-7、MB-8、BC-1)24小时后再接种棉铃疫菌比施用拮抗菌后马上接种棉铃疫菌的防治效果要好,可达60%~80%。田间试验结果显示,8月初仅喷施一次,MB-3和MB-7的相对防效达34.9%和45.4%,明显优于对照化学药剂。此外,对拮抗菌的拮抗作用机理也进行了初步讨论。 When four antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma koningii, T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum and Gliocladium spp. ) were irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 min, mutants of strains were obtained. Mutants did not change the morphological characters and antagonistic activity to Fuserium axysporum f. sp. melonis and Sclerotinia minor when compared with the wild type. Resistance to iprodione and copper oxychloride was found to occur in all mutants. Some of them, such as mutants of T. Koningii, T. harzianum... When four antagonistic fungi (Trichoderma koningii, T. pseudokoningii, T. harzianum and Gliocladium spp. ) were irradiated with ultraviolet light for 30 min, mutants of strains were obtained. Mutants did not change the morphological characters and antagonistic activity to Fuserium axysporum f. sp. melonis and Sclerotinia minor when compared with the wild type. Resistance to iprodione and copper oxychloride was found to occur in all mutants. Some of them, such as mutants of T. Koningii, T. harzianum and Gliocladium spp, resisted to carbendazim. None of the mutants resisted to propiconazole. 从土壤中分离得到的 4种拮抗真菌( Trichoderma koningii、 T.pseudokonin-gii、T.harzianum和Gliocladium spp.)分别用紫外光诱变,得到抗氧氯化铜、扑海因和多菌灵的变异菌株。这些变异菌株对西瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis)和生菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia minor)仍有较强的拮抗性。
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