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| | The total area eroded in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is 352,000km~2,accounting for 35% of the total area, of which the gently, moderately, strongly, far strongly and fiercely eroded areas account for 37.8%, 31.5%, 20.5%, 7.4%, and 2.8%, respectively. The stronger lossing area above-mentioned is 30.7% of the total area. From 1950's to now, the soil and water loss in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River has been aggravated, but only in recent years it has begun to be... | | 长江上游水土流失面积共35.2万平方公里,占总土地面积的35%。在35.2万平方公里中,轻度流失区占37.8%,中度流失区占31.5%,强度流失区占20.5%,极强度流失区占7.4%,剧烈流失区占2.8%。流失较严重的强度以上的流失面积占30.7%。五十年代至今,长江上游的水土流失经历了一个断续加剧和近几年来开始有所缓解的过程。总的结果是破坏大于治理,水土流失面积和流失量均有所增加。以输沙模数区分,每平方公里从数十吨到数千吨不等。直门达以上江源地区,每平方公里年输沙模数68吨为最小,白龙江中游立节至武都干流区间,年输沙模数4,437吨为最大。有的区域或个别年份的输沙模数更大。30年来,由于受多种因素的影响,长江上游有的河段和支流的沙量有增加,有的并未增加甚至有减小的趋势,更多的则是分时段有增有减,呈不规则的周期变化;往后也不会出现本质性的变化。当前的水土流失治理进度和成效,与艰巨的治理任务相比,显得十分缓慢而极不相称。近年来,这种一方治理、多方破坏的局面不改变,生态好转将永无尽期。 | | 文摘来源 | | According to the characteristics of uneven spatial distribution of precipitation and runoff and sediment yield concentrated usually in a flood season of the three rivers of Tuwei, Kuye and Gushanchuan. an empirical model of annual occurrences of runoff yield and sediment transport has been established by using a method of taking the maximum precipitation, rainfall intensity and geomorphological parameters of time interval within each element ... | | 依据秃尾河、窟野河、孤山川三条河流域降雨时空分布极不均匀及产流输沙多集中汛期的特点,将流域分为若干单元,以各单元面积内的时段最大降雨、雨强、地貌参数为影响产流输沙综合指标,最后叠加成总指标的方法,建立了产流输沙次和年经验模型。统计结果表明,模型计算与实测值相比,平均相对误差分别为:年清水模数0.69%~4.5%;年浑水模数0.2%~8.4%;年输沙模数0.05%~11.5%。 | | 文摘来源 | | Based on analyzing the topographic character, the spatial distribution of gully and rainfall and the data from field observation, the coupling relationship between the runoff and sediment, and its spatial difference are studied. The results show that the modulus of sediment transport, the modulus of maximum flood discharge and the runoff depth take on great positive relativity and spatial difference that can be influenced by the watershed area, topographic cha... | | 在全面分析岔巴沟流域地貌形态、沟网及降雨空间分布等因素基础上,结合野外实地观测资料,对该流域次降雨水沙耦合关系及其空间变异性进行了研究.结果表明,岔巴沟流域次降雨输沙模数与洪峰流量模数及径流深具有较强的相关性,这种相关性耦合关系具有明显的空间变异性,流域面积、地貌形态等下垫面因子是形成该空间变异性的主要原因. | | 文摘来源 | |   | | << 更多相关文摘 |
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