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The methods for strengthen the solid—liquid extraction process is investigated in this paper. Summing up the mathematically analytic methods and the static and dynamic equations of international scholars in sugar science, with Fick's law as theorectical basis, some opinions to the main influential factors are suggested: 本文研究强化植物糖料固液萃取的过程,以费克扩散定律为理论基础,综述国际糖业界有关数理分析方法和推导静态和动态方程作为根椐,对若干主要影响因素提出研究意见:1.糖料破碎的最佳几何形状与质量标准2.温度对糖料细胞活性和渗出汁粘度作用3.分级回流加大浓度差4.时间与糖料层厚度对糖分抽出率的影响.最后,把研究结果和在生产上应用作引证,为提高糖分抽出率提供利学根椐. This paper describes a method of solid-liquid extraction to replace the conventional solvent extraction, using FAN loaded polyurethane foams in batch and column operation for preconcentration of the trace Cu, Zn, Cd in aqueous solution. The effects of pH, various anions in batch method and flow-rate in column process on the extraction behavior of Cu, Zn, Cd have been investigated. Preconcentration of Cu, Zn, Cd ions from natural water is successful. 本文研究了PAN负载的聚氨酯泡沫在静态法和动态法对水溶液中Cu、ZnCd离子的萃取行为,同时试验了pH、阴离子以及流速的影响。回收率试验表明,该法能定量捕集天然水中Cu、Zn、Cd离子,结果令人满意。 The solid-liquid extraction of rare earths with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethyl-hexyl ester (P507, HL) in molten paraffin wax from hydrochloric acid has been studied. The mechanism of extraction is investigated by slope analysis method and the composition of the extracted complex is further determined by saturation volumetric method. The gelatinous extracted complex has been separated from the wax phase and studied by IR spectroscopy. From the IR spectra the chemical bonding... The solid-liquid extraction of rare earths with 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethyl-hexyl ester (P507, HL) in molten paraffin wax from hydrochloric acid has been studied. The mechanism of extraction is investigated by slope analysis method and the composition of the extracted complex is further determined by saturation volumetric method. The gelatinous extracted complex has been separated from the wax phase and studied by IR spectroscopy. From the IR spectra the chemical bonding in the extracted complex is discussed. The extraction constants K_(ex) of fifteen rare earths have been evaluated. The plots of log K_e, and pH (E = 50?) versus atomic number Z show the "tetrad effect? The mean separation factor of adjacent rare earths is 2.78. All experimental results agree with those of the extraction with P507 in n-dodecane. It proves that the same principles can be applied to both solid-liquid and liquid-liquid extraction systems. But the extraction, using molten wax as solvent, has some merits such as its accuracy, simplicity, rapidity, safety and economy. 用斜率法确定了萃取机理,用饱和容量法确定了萃合物的组成。测定了15个稀土元素的萃取平衡常数K(cx)、logK(cx)和pH值(萃取率E=50%时)与原子序数间存在着明显的“四分级效应”。测得相邻元素间的平均分离因素为2.78。各项结果均与用P507的正十二烷溶液的萃取很一致,说明固-夜萃取和液-液萃取的原理是相的。但用熔化石蜡作溶剂研究萃取机理,存其一定的优越性,如准确、简单、快速、安全、经济等。
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