For the modernization of Chinese criminal law and making for the world ,the setting up of legal principle of crime and punishment plays the decisive role .
As one of basic principles of criminal laws all over the world, the balance between a crime and a punishment has been going through three stages, which include that of the classical school, the positivist school and comprehensive school.
The connotation of the balance between a crime and a punishment has been gradually developing with the concept of value of criminal law, the value and the content of which has also been rationalizing .
The Chinese criminal law which embody the principle of balance between a crime and a punishment has become a code which is based on retribution, and give consideration to utility.
The basic signification of the principle of the balance between a crime and a punishment is explained and the research range of this article is limited in this part.
From the introduction of retribution which is the source of theoretical foundation of the basic principle to the general prevention, the individual prevention and the comprehensive doctrine, this article indicate their respective balance between a crime and a punishment, or show the evolution of connotation of it, and also lay a foundation for further spreading out of proposition.
Exigency theory provides a theoretical framework with which to examine sexual transgression, nonjudgmentally, under the rubric of treatment and cure rather than crime and punishment.
In the context of a cultural-legal tradition for which the distinction between private and public was all-important, a punishment consisting, literally, in "making someone public" had a fundamental role to play.
A punishment discrimination was conditioned in laboratory rats by simultaneously rewarding with food and punishing with shock all lever responses made in the presence of a discriminative stimulus (tone).
A punishment discrimination ("conflict") was conditioned in rats by simultaneously rewarding with food (sweetened, condensed milk) and punishing with shock all lever responses made in the presence of an auditory stimulus.