|
In this paper,the author presents his investigation on high education in Austrahia recently.He puts forward the meaning of use of its experience during the time when we emphasize education and carry out its systematical reform,adjust transformational techniques and further education,strengthen consciousnes of quality in high education and brand effect,and when we pay attention to the internationalization of high education. 文章介绍了笔者最近考察澳大利亚高等教育的简况 ,提出了在重视教育并适时进行高教的体制改革、调整改造技术与继续教育、强化高等教育的质量意识和“品牌”效应、注重高等教育的国际化等方面对发展我国高等教育的借鉴意义 The sacrifice to the heaven at the western suburbs in Pingcheng, the capital town of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was the most important ritual of sacrifice to the heaven held by the Tuoba Xianbei rulers prior to the systematical reforms led by Emperor Xiaowen. It was characterized with the sacrifice to various heaven deities, the circling riding around the altar presided by the sorceress, and the sacrifice to the heaven at the western suburbs in the fourth month of the Chinese calendar during the summer.... The sacrifice to the heaven at the western suburbs in Pingcheng, the capital town of the Northern Wei Dynasty, was the most important ritual of sacrifice to the heaven held by the Tuoba Xianbei rulers prior to the systematical reforms led by Emperor Xiaowen. It was characterized with the sacrifice to various heaven deities, the circling riding around the altar presided by the sorceress, and the sacrifice to the heaven at the western suburbs in the fourth month of the Chinese calendar during the summer. It could be regarded as the combination of the three elements: the Tuoba Tribe's tradition of heaven deity worship, the sacrificial ritual among the steppe nomadic peoples, and the sacrificial ritual at suburbs among the Han people. The prolonged existence of the ritual was a form of adaptation to the social reality that was structured with three larger ethnically based groupings. 西郊祭天是北魏孝文帝改制前拓跋鲜卑统治者最重要的祭天形式。淫祀诸天神、女巫主祭下的骑驰绕坛、夏四月西郊祀天等是西郊祭天的显著特点,它是拓跋部传统的天神崇拜、草原游牧民族的祭祀仪式与汉族的郊祀制度三者结合的产物,而其长期存在则是因为适应了三分结构的社会现实。 Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,Chinese Communist Party and the government have carried out administrative systematical reforms several times in order to meet the requirements of reforms in economic system and social development.These reforms reflect people's cognition of the socialist country's administrative management in historical developmont order or course.They are of reasonability and positive significance to a certain degree.We are facing many contradictions of... Since the foundation of the People's Republic of China,Chinese Communist Party and the government have carried out administrative systematical reforms several times in order to meet the requirements of reforms in economic system and social development.These reforms reflect people's cognition of the socialist country's administrative management in historical developmont order or course.They are of reasonability and positive significance to a certain degree.We are facing many contradictions of deep level at present in pushing forward administrative systematical reforms.Solving these contradictions and dircet the administrative systematical reforms along the road of success in the new century calls on us to construct and hold on to the following thought and orientation.We should set administrativc concept updating as the lead,base on the transformation of administrative functions as well as set the reconstruction of administrative organs as key point and the modulation of administrative relation as the core.We should also hinge on the optimization of administrative staff,strengthen the ruling by administrative law as guarantee and aim to heighten administrative efficiency. 新中国成立后 ,我国政府为了适应经济制度改革和社会发展的要求 ,多次对行政制度进行改革。这些改革在历史发展序列或过程上反映了人们对社会主义国家政府行政管理的不断再认识 ,具有相当程度的合理性和积极意义。在当前 ,进一步推进行政制度的改革面临不少深层次的矛盾。化解这些矛盾 ,把新世纪的行政制度改革导入成功之途 ,需要构建和坚持以下思路和取向 :以更新行政观念为先导 ,以转变行政职能为基础 ,以重构行政组织为重点 ,以调适行政关系为核心 ,以优化行政人员为关键 ,以加强行政法治为保障 ,以提高行政效率为目标。
|