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Among a total of 20,067 pregnant women ad- mitted to the Lying-In Hospital of the Shanghai First Medical School in the three-year period from January 1953 to December 1955,there were 342 cases of heart disease,giving an incidence of 1.7%.The etiological types of heart disease were,in their order of frequency,as follows:rheumatic heart disease 65.2%,heart failure due to toxemia of pregnancy 14.3%,congenital anomalies of heart 9.3%,anemia heart disease 5.3%,hypertensive heart disease 2.7%,and others 3.2%.... Among a total of 20,067 pregnant women ad- mitted to the Lying-In Hospital of the Shanghai First Medical School in the three-year period from January 1953 to December 1955,there were 342 cases of heart disease,giving an incidence of 1.7%.The etiological types of heart disease were,in their order of frequency,as follows:rheumatic heart disease 65.2%,heart failure due to toxemia of pregnancy 14.3%,congenital anomalies of heart 9.3%,anemia heart disease 5.3%,hypertensive heart disease 2.7%,and others 3.2%. Only 5 patients were submitted to therapeutic abortion.In no case was artificial termination of pregnancy attempted after the third month of gestation. The maternal death rate in this series was 2.9%.Among the 241 pregnant cardiacs who re- ceived antenatal care,there was only one death, the death rate being 0.4%,whereas the number of deaths among 101 patients not receiving antenatal care was 9,giving a death rate of 9%.The im- portance of early and adequate management as a prognostic factor in heart disease associated with pregnancy is thus quite obvious. Heart failure due to toxemia of pregnancy carried with it a grave prognosis concerning both the mother and the fetus.Among the 10 maternal deaths in this series,6 were due to heart failure caused by toxemia of pregnancy. Although the maternal death rate from heart disease in the present study has shown a signifi- cant drop in comparison with earlier years,heart disease constituted the main cause of death in the obstetric service during the period under study. It is believed,however,that in the future,if more pregnant women can receive adequate antenatal care,a further decline in the death rate from heart disease in pregnancy may be expected. 一、本报告分析了我院由1953至1955年三年内妊娠期心臓病342例,并对其处理及预后加以讨论。二、本组病例中心臓病的病因分类如下:风湿性65.2%,妊娠中毒症性14.3%,先天性9.3%,贫血性5.3%,高血压性2.7%,其他3.2%。三、342例中施行人工流产者仅5例,占1.4%。怀孕超过三个月者并无一例试行人工终止妊娠。四、本组病例的死亡率为2.9%,经本院产前检查的241例中仅一例死亡,死亡率为0.4%。未经产前检查101例中,有9例死亡,死亡率为9%。可见及时与适当的处理对预后有决定性的意义。五、妊娠中毒症心臓病对母亲与胎儿的预后均十分恶劣,本组内10例死亡中有6例系由本病所引起。六、三年来心臓病产妇死亡率较前有了显著的降低,但仍占产科死亡原因中主要地位。相信今后如果能改进与加强产前检查和处理,心臓病产妇的死亡率尚有进一步降低的可能。本文的完成,承蒙妇产科教研组王淑贞、司徒亮等教授及其他同志的指正与帮助,特此致谢。 On the basis of 3,700 cases of twins born in four maternity hospitals of Shanghai and in two districts of Shanghai, Hung-kou and Yang-pu, the sex ratio of twinning was analysed especially in relatien to the influence of the maternal age and birth order on the sex ratio at birth in twins.The results of independence test, using the contigency table, and of correlation analysis showed that there was no influence of the maternal age on the sex ratio at birth in twins (x_([26])~2=29.27, p=.30; r=.4068); but... On the basis of 3,700 cases of twins born in four maternity hospitals of Shanghai and in two districts of Shanghai, Hung-kou and Yang-pu, the sex ratio of twinning was analysed especially in relatien to the influence of the maternal age and birth order on the sex ratio at birth in twins.The results of independence test, using the contigency table, and of correlation analysis showed that there was no influence of the maternal age on the sex ratio at birth in twins (x_([26])~2=29.27, p=.30; r=.4068); but the high correlation was found between the birth order and the sex ratio (x_([8])~2=18.10, p=.02; r=.7607).Based on the results of the regression analysis, it was further shown that the sex ratio at birth in twins slowly rose with the increase in the birth order, the regression coefficient (b) being .0108 (P<.02) and the regression equation being Y=.0108X+.4709. 调查分析了上海市四所妇婴保健院和上海市虹口区、杨浦区的3,700名双生儿的出生性比,主要是关于母亲年龄和出生胎序对双生儿出生性比的影响.r×2表独立性测验和相关分析结果证明,母亲年龄对双生儿出生性比没有影响(X_([26])~2=29.27,P?.30;r=.4068);但是出生胎序则与双生儿的出生性比密切相关(X_([8])~2=18.10,P?.02;r=.7607).进一步分析了出生胎序和双生儿出生性比的关系,发现双生儿出生性比随着出生胎序的增加而缓缓上升.回归系数是,b=.0108(P<.02);回归方程是,Y=.0108X+.4709. There were altogether 676 operations of prolapse of uterus performed by five hospitals in Beijing during the past twenty years. We analysed the underlying causes of the disease and the results of all sorts of operation. 本文总结了5个医院手术治疗子宫脱垂病例676例,分析了发病原因及手术治疗效果。本组病例发病年龄以30~49岁为多,占54.89%。脱垂时间在5年以上者占59.61%。最长者33年。发病原因与生育关系密切,大都由于会阴裂伤未经缝合,产后又过早劳动所致。本组病历所进行的手术种类有20种以上。追访345例,从术后半年至20年的患者,其中有效率为94.79%,复发率5.21%。从病例分析中体会到曼氏手术简单、有效、安全、经济、局麻或针麻下可顺利开展手术,适用于农村。
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