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      functionalism
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  functionalism
Conflict theory and Marxism, symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and eclecticism were the approaches most widely adhered to by our respondents.
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Classical evolutionary theory and structural-functionalism are also mentioned as illustrations.
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Gouldner's call for a "reflexive sociology" in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism's begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come.
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The three basic paradigms of macrosociology: Functionalism, neo-Marxism and interaction analysis
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By reflecting upon several lofty philosophies and ideas, this paper argues that the convention of functionalism, primarily rests on analogical mapping, possesses inadequate grounding about omitting human issues.
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         Hilary Putnam(1926 ) is a famous contemporary philosopher in the United States. During the 1960s he published a series of papers to demonstrate the rationality of Turing model for psychological state, considering any psychological states would correspondent to a certain Turing machine function. And the above theory is called functionalism, an early mechanical explanation of psychological states. However,since the end of 1980s, Putnam changed his theories and began to criticize functionalism sha...
            普特南 ( Hilary Putnam,192 6- )是美国当代著名哲学家。 60年代他发表了一系列的文章来论证心理状态的图林机模拟的合理性 ,认为任何心理状态都可以与特殊的图林机功能相对应。这是普特南早期关于心理阐释的“功能主义”。 80年代末以后 ,普特南的思想发生了很大的转变 ,对“功能主义”予以激烈的批判 ,着重阐述了心理现象的社会文化相关性和哲学阐释的必要性。前后期思想形成了互补的两极 ;功能模拟的方法合理性以及哲学阐释的本性合理性
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         Francis Crick studies consciousness problem by not functionalism but reductionism and provides methodology including two basic assumptions and not giving a precise definition for consciousness.Crick chooses visual consciousness as a breakthrough and advances a theory named"astonishing hypothesis".The author of this paper thinks that the"astonishing hypothesis"is not astonishing at all.
            弗朗西斯·克里克摒弃功能主义而采用还原论策略来研究意识问题 ,并为这种研究提供了两个基本假设 ,以及不要给意识下精确定义等方法论思想。克里克选择视觉意识作为突破口并提出了自己称之为“惊人的假说”的理论。本文作者认为 ,“惊人的假说”并不惊人。
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         The functionalism was the mainstream of the philosophy of mind,which was the focus of world attention.Its theory enlists popular support and agreement.At the same time,many philosophyers also seriously challenged to its theory.The Searle's "Chinese Room Argument" mind parable has been regarded as the funtionalism's subversionary argument.The paper critically inspects the functionalism and the argument about it,we deem it should not excessively extreme at the ontological problem of mind.Basing on...
            作为西方心灵哲学主流思想的功能主义 ,其理论得到了多数人的支持和赞同 ,但也有哲学家对其提出了严峻的挑战 ,哲学家塞尔的“中文屋论证”思想实验更被称为对功能主义的颠覆性论证。文章通过对功能主义及其引起的相关争论的批判性反思 ,认为在关于心的本体论问题上不应过于极端化。在心身随附理论的前提下 ,我们可以既肯定功能主义的理论意义 ,又避免其对感受性问题的忽视 ,从而使心身问题得到较合理的解释
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