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      functionalism
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  functionalism
Conflict theory and Marxism, symbolic interactionism, functionalism, and eclecticism were the approaches most widely adhered to by our respondents.
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Classical evolutionary theory and structural-functionalism are also mentioned as illustrations.
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Gouldner's call for a "reflexive sociology" in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism's begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come.
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The three basic paradigms of macrosociology: Functionalism, neo-Marxism and interaction analysis
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By reflecting upon several lofty philosophies and ideas, this paper argues that the convention of functionalism, primarily rests on analogical mapping, possesses inadequate grounding about omitting human issues.
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         In academic circles, the theory about democratization is mainly composed of direct, indirect and the third democracy, all of which belong to typological democracy. Aiming at pragmatism, the theory of democracy should surpass typological thinking via functionalism. The democratic practice in contemporary China indicates that the Chinese people are seeking for a balance between "people's will" and "the rule by law" in a practical and tentative way to construct socialist democracy. Such a probe has surpa...
            学术界关于民主化的理论主要有直接民主、间接民主、第三种民主,它们都是类型学意义上的民主。民主理论宜超越类型学思路,以实用主义为目标、以功能主义为工具。当代中国的民主实践表明,中国人民正以务实为导向,通过渐进的探索方式,超越直接民主与间接民主的类型学模式,寻找"人民意志"与"法治"之间的平衡,构建社会主义民主。
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         State-sovereignty-theory is a theory which holds the mainstream status in public law in modern times.It emphasizes that the state has a privilege over the law. French juristconsult developed a new method of his own, put forward a kind of new theory which was in both realism and functionalism——public service theory, and solved the basic problem that state was bound to law. It lays a solid theoretical foundation for modern public law.
            "国家主权论"是近代以来占据主流地位的公法理论,强调国家有凌驾于法律之上的特权。法国公法学家狄骥却独辟蹊径,提出了一种兼具现实主义和功能主义特色的全新理论:公共服务论,比较成功地解决了国家受制于法律约束的基本问题,为现代公法奠定了坚实的理论基础。
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         This article reviews four decades of scholarship on political development.It contends that the theoretical ambitions of the early political development literature to frame the comparative inquiry of politics and political change in less developed countries were undermined by intellectual challenges to the paradigms of modernization and structural functionalism and that the literature’s teleological dimension was contradicted by real-world events. Nonetheless, in subsequent decades, the field made grea...
            本文回顾了四十年来发展政治学的成果。发展政治学在早期曾试图建立一个研究发展中国家的政治和政治变化的理论框架。但后来知识界对现代化理论和结构功能主义提出了挑战,从而削弱了这一理想。而且,现实世界中事件的发展,证明发展政治学中目的论的视角是有问题的。不过,后来,发展政治学在政治制度、民主的稳定和崩溃、国家结构、公民社会和政治发展的不平衡等方面的研究上取得了长足的进展。本文认为,当前,繁多的证据表明,政治发展和政治衰败过程是多种多样的。因此,发展政治学应当避免倒退到一种新的现代化理论之中。相反,该领域应当专注在国家改革、民主统治、代议政治、责任政府、公民社会的组织等这些论题上。关注这些广泛而活跃的问题,发展政治学会对比较政治学作出重要的理论贡献。
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