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The present and future role of measurement and experimental techniques in analyzing displacements, strain and stress in structures, structural elements as well as in technical systems is considered. There are more reasons and much wider fields to apply methods of experimental mechanics nowadays than at any time before. New advanced modern techniques, new measurement equipment, automatisation of the measuring and evaluation processes are available. Hybrid techniques, i. e. the combination of advanced measurement... The present and future role of measurement and experimental techniques in analyzing displacements, strain and stress in structures, structural elements as well as in technical systems is considered. There are more reasons and much wider fields to apply methods of experimental mechanics nowadays than at any time before. New advanced modern techniques, new measurement equipment, automatisation of the measuring and evaluation processes are available. Hybrid techniques, i. e. the combination of advanced measurement and computer techniques have been developed. Such methods allow optimisation of structures and products, saving energy and raw materials, improving the quality of products and the reliability and safety of structures and technical systems, controlling the production processes as well as supervising the safety of operating systems. They can and have to contribute to minimizing risks of technical systems and detractions of environment. To transfer knowledge on new developments in more or less advanced methods of experimental mechanics is of increasing importance to those less developed countries, which are at the threshold of economical development. 考察了分析结构、结构构件以及技术系统中的位移、应变与应力的测量和实验方法在目前和未来的作用。现在,比以往任何时候都更有理由和有更广阔的领域需要用到实验力学方法;许多先进、现代化技术,新型测量设备,测量和赋值过程自动化系统可供使用;以先进的测量技术和计算机技术相结合而形成的各种杂交法已被提出来。利用这些方法,可以优化结构和产品,节约能源和原材料,提高产品质量,增强结构、技术系统的可靠、安全性,控制生产过程以及监督操作系统的安全性;利用这些方法,能够并且应当使技术系统可能发生的危险以及对环境的毁损降至最低程度。 Abstract The present and future role of measurement and experimental techniques in ana- lyzing displacements,strain and stress in structures,structural elements as well as in technical systems is considered.There are more reasons and much wider fields to apply methods of exper- imental mechanics nowadays than at any time before.New advanced modern techniques,new measurement equipment,automatisation of the measuring and evaluation processes are availa- ble.Hybrid techniques,i.e.the combination of advanced measurement... Abstract The present and future role of measurement and experimental techniques in ana- lyzing displacements,strain and stress in structures,structural elements as well as in technical systems is considered.There are more reasons and much wider fields to apply methods of exper- imental mechanics nowadays than at any time before.New advanced modern techniques,new measurement equipment,automatisation of the measuring and evaluation processes are availa- ble.Hybrid techniques,i.e.the combination of advanced measurement and computer techniques have been developed.Such methods allow optimisation of structures and products,saving ener- gy and raw materials,improving the quality of products and the reliability and safety of struc- tures and technical systems,controlling the production processes as well as supervising the safety of operating systems.They can and they have to contribute to minimizing risks of techni- cal systems and detractions of environment.To transfer knowledge on new developments in more or less advanced methods of experimental mechanics is of increasing importance to those developing countries,which are at the threshold of economical development. 本文论述了测量和实验技术当前和未来在分析结构、结构单元以及技术系统的位移、应变和应力中所起的作用.今天比以往任何时候都有更多的原因在广泛的领域中采用实验力学的方法。现代先进的新技术,新的测量设备,自动的量测和评价过程已应运而生。先进的测量技术和计算机技术的结合——杂交技术已得到了发展,这些技术使我们能对结构和产品进行优化设计:节省能源和原材料,提高产品质量以及结构和技术系统的可靠性和安全度,管理生产的过程,监控运行系统的安全。这些方法能用于减少技术系统的危险性和对环境的破坏,对发展中国家传授先进的实验力学方法的知识,显得更为重要。 Some methods have been showed in this paper to develop medical skill of rural public health centre, which include researching main problems, planning and administrating resultant measurements, beginning to do these from continued medical education on duty, transferring knowledge into work abilities as quickas possible to develop clinical work. The methods mentioned above have been proved to be successful, and it is emphasized that if only starting everything from practical conditions and studying for practising,... Some methods have been showed in this paper to develop medical skill of rural public health centre, which include researching main problems, planning and administrating resultant measurements, beginning to do these from continued medical education on duty, transferring knowledge into work abilities as quickas possible to develop clinical work. The methods mentioned above have been proved to be successful, and it is emphasized that if only starting everything from practical conditions and studying for practising, we will realize what we want to realize. 本文介绍了提高农村卫生院医疗技术水平的一些做法,包括分析现状,找出问题,制定对策付诸实施,从岗位继续医学教育入手,尽快将所学知识转化为实际能力,以促进临床各项工作向前发展.上述努力已初见成效.本文强调只要从实际情况出发,注重学以致用就有可能实现预期目标.
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