Change trends slope of calculated areal precipitation and the observed runoff of Aksu river on were 5.79×108m3/10a and 4.29×108m3/10a respectively, and both of them have increased trend. The annual change trend and extent of the areal precipitation are higher then the runoff. Both of their coefficients of variation (Cv) are 0.17 and 0.13, respectively.
The rates of changing trends of calculated areal precipitation and the observed runoff of Aksu river were 5.79×108 m3/10a and 4.29×108 m3/10a respectively,and both of them presented an increasing trend. The annual changing trend and extent of the areal precipitation are higher than those of the runoff. Both of their coefficients of variation(Cv)are 0.17 and 0.13,respectively.
Before the storage, the correlation coefficients of observed runoff of 2 stations on the upper stream and downstream of the reservoir are very big, but reduced after storing.
The results showed that: The changes of the observed runoff in recent 70 years was that the annual and flood-season runoff decreased since 1969, and the decrement is increasing with time. However, the runoff variation trend is reverse in non-flood season;
The varying and characteristic of observed runoff and water quantity in Inner Mongolia loop area of Yellow River irrigation district are analyzed, preliminary research of water quantity real-time monitoring is implemented, and the existent problem is discussed.
This paper has counted the runoff volume and amount of sediment transported in the upper and middle Yellow River (upper the gauges of Xiaolangdi, Heishiguan and Xiaodong) during the period of 1919-1989, showing the averaged annual natural runoff for many years 562×10~8m~3,observed volume 459×10~8m~3 and observed amount of sediment transported 14.1×10~8t.
Compare with the record of hydrology examinition stations,then analyze the influence degree of human factors, namely the diference of the two river runoff account.
Natural runoff includes mainly two parts, recorded runoff that controlled by hydrological stations at river sections and runoff influenced by artificial activities that need to be recalculated into original volume, while the recalculated part is the most important one in natural runoff calculation.
With Luo River basin of Yellow River lower reach basin as study area, the data of runoff, silt load and non-point source pollution (N-pollution) actually measured in the year 1998 were applied for parameter rate determination of hydrographic model, soil erosion model and pollution load model in the N-pollution model and based on this, their sensitivity of simulated calculation of runoff, silt load, adsorbent nitrogen and dissolvent nitrogen was analyzed adopting Morris qualitative screening technique.
Some analytical results of the measured runoff during 1950s to 1980s at outlet hydrological stations of 33 main rivers and climatic data collected from 84 meteorological stations in Xinjiang Autonomous Region are presented.
Measurements during the ablation periods since 1992 show an average air temperature for the periods of 2.1?°C, an average incoming shorwave radiation of 230?W/m2 and an average measured runoff intensity of 14?mm/day with a maximum of 68?mm/day.
The accuracy of the calculated groundwater recharge values for the period 1961-1990 was verified on the basis of data from gauging stations and displayed a good agreement between observed runoff values and model results.
The model was first run in an optimization mode to calibrate the parameters against the observed runoff for the period of 1968-1977, and then was run in a prediction mode to try to reproduce the runoff for the next 10?years from 1978 to 1987.
Both the models however exhibited a better match between the simulated and observed runoff in high runoff producing watersheds than did in low runoff producing catchments.
The entropy of simple liquids is calculated within a model which reproduces the observed volume and entropy changes at the melting point reasonably well.
In the operational equation for the determination of distribution volumes the gradient effect can be reduced to correction terms which are governed by the mean transit time of the tracer through the observed volume.
Hence, at room temperature the CO binding to Mb can be described as a two-state model and the observed volume contraction occurs during CO-Fe bond formation.
When tested in a mitogenic assay, DIDS, flufenamic acid, NPPB and IAA-94 all inhibited T-cell proliferation, suggesting a physiological function in addition to the observed volume sensitivity.
This paper has counted the runoff volume and amount of sediment transported in the upper and middle Yellow River (upper the gauges of Xiaolangdi, Heishiguan and Xiaodong) during the period of 1919-1989, showing the averaged annual natural runoff for many years 562×10~8m~3,observed volume 459×10~8m~3 and observed amount of sediment transported 14.1×10~8t. In the same time, the variations of runoff and sediment delivery in every decade of the period has been analysed.In 1920s and early 1930s, there were more ...
The paper overally introduces the basic situation of runoff and sediment in upper, middle and lower reahes of the Yellow River and its law of variation in 1980s, and discusses the influence of climate change and human activity in the basin upon the variation of runoff and sediment of the river. In 1980s, the natural runoff of the river exceeded 60×10~9m~3, while the measured runoff was only 40×10~9m~3 odd. The authors consider that human activity is the main factor leading to runoff variation. The mean anna...
Calculation of natural runoff of the Yellow River is the basic work for water resource planning, distribution, production and scientific research of the river. Natural runoff includes mainly two parts, recorded runoff that controlled by hydrological stations at river sections and runoff influenced by artificial activities that need to be recalculated into original volume, while the recalculated part is the most important one in natural runoff calculation. There is a set of ripe ways for the recalculation ...
实测径流量
observed runoff
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