In the 1970s, the Germany Functionalism School began the translation studies of associating text type, text functions with translation methods. Since then, there appeared a great number of translation studies combining text functions with translation theories and methods, but few of them combined text type, text function with cultural translation strategies.
After the functional notion was put forward by the German Functionalism School, a great many studies have been conducted by relating text functions to translation theories. Among them, the text type theory, posed by the British translation theorist Peter Newmark, takes a prominent place.
The representative theory of the individualism of outlook on poverty is poverty culturalism,and the theory of stucturalism of outlook on poverty is that of outlook represented by functionalism school, conflictingschool and neutrality school.
The individualism of outlook on poverty and stucturalism of outlook on poverty are the two outlooks onpoverty in Western sociology. The representative theory of the individualism of outlook on poverty is poverty culturalism,and the theory of stucturalism of outlook on poverty is that of outlook represented by functionalism school, conflictingschool and neutrality school.