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This paper fully discusses the basic principle and experimental methods of determining aircraft longitudinal dynamic stability derivative during using half-model and various oscillations-free oscillation and fored oscillation. It briefly describes the self-designed and self-menufactured dynamic balance. According to the oomperison of the preliminary experimental results of delta wing model in our 250×200mm2 high speed wind tunnel with FFA62 experimental results, it is proved that this balance is useful. But... This paper fully discusses the basic principle and experimental methods of determining aircraft longitudinal dynamic stability derivative during using half-model and various oscillations-free oscillation and fored oscillation. It briefly describes the self-designed and self-menufactured dynamic balance. According to the oomperison of the preliminary experimental results of delta wing model in our 250×200mm2 high speed wind tunnel with FFA62 experimental results, it is proved that this balance is useful. But in the course of our experiments, many problems occurred, hence the last part of this paper offers some suggestions as to the solution of them and states how we should endeavour later on. 本文较全面地讨论了当采用不同的振动法,即自由振动法和强迫振动法时,用半模型测定飞行器纵向动导数的基本原理和实验方法。介绍了自行设计、制造的动天平概况。根据在我院250×200mm~2高速风洞中对三角翼的初步测试结果,与FFA62实验结果相比较表明该动天平是适用的。但在实验中发现不少问题,故在文章最后部分提出了改进的意见和今后努力的方向。 The three-dimensional unsteady second-order non-homogeneous differential equation has been derived by superposition of a small disturbance on a given steady three-dimensional flow. Based on the assumption of high Mach numbers this second-order equation for unsteady flow reduces to a form analogous to that for steady flow. This makes it possible to solve the equation by methods used in the second-order theory for steady flows. In the course of solution the flows are constrained and corrected according to the... The three-dimensional unsteady second-order non-homogeneous differential equation has been derived by superposition of a small disturbance on a given steady three-dimensional flow. Based on the assumption of high Mach numbers this second-order equation for unsteady flow reduces to a form analogous to that for steady flow. This makes it possible to solve the equation by methods used in the second-order theory for steady flows. In the course of solution the flows are constrained and corrected according to the PLK method, and singularities are thus eliminated. The crucial point in this procedure is to find the correct particular solutions. Two particular solutions are used. One is the approximate three-dimensional particular solution. The other is obtained under the assumption of local two-dimensionality. In addition, the uniform particular solution is given, from which the uniform second-order solutions may be obtained. Then, we have treated the unsteady problem for delta wings with low aspect ratio and supersonic leading edges. The Mach number range for application of the present theory is from supersonic to low hypersonic values with reduced frequencies up to near unity. The theoretical results derived in this work can be used to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of wings having arbitrary airfoil sections.As experimental information for similar conditions is not yet available, we can only compare our results with those of Liu D. D. . For this reason, only the derivation for a flat delta wing oscillating at low frequencies has been carried out and an analytical expression is obtained for the first order expansion of the unsteady velocity potential. In the range of Mach numbers 4 to 8, our results are in agreement with those of Lui D. D. .It is also shown that under conditions of three-dimensional thin wings the second-order theory is valid up to Mδ=1.0, while according to application of the second-order theory to bodies of revolution by Van Dyke, the useful upper limit of M5 is only 0.7. Hence, with Mδ=0.7-1 .0, the principal non-linear effects can be calculated by our second-order theory, while for thin wings the third-order terms connected with heat transfer and entropy change can be ignored. 本文处理了超音速三元薄翼非定常问题,通过PLK法使二次解均匀有效。首先考虑零攻角或初始攻角时,已知基本定常绕流叠加高-量级的非定常小扰动流,把它线性化。本方法从健全的基本方程出发,使用高马赫数近似,将非定常二次方程化简,其形式与定常二次方程类似,因而有可能利用定常二次理论的方法求解。特解是求解的关键。鉴于精确特解的复杂性,本报告采用了一种近似特解。 本方法适于一般超音速和完全高超音速之间的马赫数区域(约3~8),折合频率可达至1左右。可较精确地估计厚度,初始攻角对非定常气动力,力矩的影响。 目前据我们所知,还没有有关实验数据,只能和一些理论结果进行比较。为此对低频有初始攻角的超音速前缘平板三角翼进行了计算,在马赫数3~8,与D.D.Liu~[6]比较吻合。计算结果表明,三元薄翼二次理论可用到高超音速相似参数Mδ=1.0。 Velocity gradient,pressure gradient and circulation gradient are used to model the separated vortex flow field over a leading edge delta wing.The deceleration or adversed pressure of out-flow in the direction of x-axis promotes the breakdown of the vortex core,so does the larger circulation gradient in the direction of the axis.The induced larger adversed pressure gradient of the vortex core in the direction of axis or larger radial pressure difference results in the vortex breakdown,so the idea is more completely... Velocity gradient,pressure gradient and circulation gradient are used to model the separated vortex flow field over a leading edge delta wing.The deceleration or adversed pressure of out-flow in the direction of x-axis promotes the breakdown of the vortex core,so does the larger circulation gradient in the direction of the axis.The induced larger adversed pressure gradient of the vortex core in the direction of axis or larger radial pressure difference results in the vortex breakdown,so the idea is more completely obtained about the vortex breakdown mechanism.The axisymmetric vortex breakdown can not take place until the Reynolds number becomes larger. 用速度梯度、压力梯度和环量梯度模拟大攻角尖前缘三角翼流场。外流场轴向减速和轴向逆压促进涡核的破裂,大的轴向环量梯度也促进涡核的破裂。分离涡的破裂是由于涡核内部诱导过大的轴向逆压或径向压差引起的,因而对涡破裂机理得到更完整的认识。在较大雷诺数条件下,才有可能出现轴对称型破裂涡。
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