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The symbolic representations of the pictures are the basic procedure for the computer description of the visual pictures.In this paper, the various methods of the symbolic representations of the pictures are deicussed, such as the pixel features, the shape features, the geometric structures and the syntactic relations etc. these features are divided iuto two groups: attribute and non-attribute, accordingly there are two types of the distances to measure the resemblauee of objects or subpictures... The symbolic representations of the pictures are the basic procedure for the computer description of the visual pictures.In this paper, the various methods of the symbolic representations of the pictures are deicussed, such as the pixel features, the shape features, the geometric structures and the syntactic relations etc. these features are divided iuto two groups: attribute and non-attribute, accordingly there are two types of the distances to measure the resemblauee of objects or subpictures also: the attribute distance and non-attrilute distance. The semantic net and relaxation laleling methods are discussed too. They resemble the human visual processings more. 图象的符号表述方法是用计算机对视觉图象进行描述的基本环节,在本文中,讨论各种不同的符号表述方法,它们是象素特征、形状特征、几何结构、句法关系等,这些特征可以分成属性特征和非属性特征两大类。与之相应,测度物体或子图象的相似程度的距离也有属性距离和非属性距离两类。还介绍了语义网和松弛标记法,这两种方法与人类视觉处理过程更相似些。 The laser Raman spectroscopic characterization and structural change of polyimide thin film at various carbonization and graphitization temperature were studied. The results show that with rising heatment temperature the stretching vibration of 1358 cm-1 and 1587 cm-1 scattering peaks of assigning to the vibrational modes of A1g and E2g types is dependent on the constructive molecular structure of the heterocyclic condensed benzene ring in sample. Before 2100 ℃ the change of the molecular structure... The laser Raman spectroscopic characterization and structural change of polyimide thin film at various carbonization and graphitization temperature were studied. The results show that with rising heatment temperature the stretching vibration of 1358 cm-1 and 1587 cm-1 scattering peaks of assigning to the vibrational modes of A1g and E2g types is dependent on the constructive molecular structure of the heterocyclic condensed benzene ring in sample. Before 2100 ℃ the change of the molecular structure of carbon body occurred markelly, the order increases and the disorder zone decreases. When the temperature reach to 2800 ℃ the sample transformation into sixangular plane layer graphite structure of D6h space group attributed. In addition the value of carbon microcrystalline size (La) for sample have been estimated in a temperature range between 1000 ℃ and 1700 ℃. It is found that the La value was grew gradually. 研究了PI(聚酰亚胺)薄膜在不同的炭化和石墨化温度条件下进行热处理所获得的激光喇曼光谱的特征及其结构变化的规律。结果表明,随着热处理温度的升高,试样中归属于A1g和E2g模式的1358cm-1峰和1578cm-1散射峰的伸缩振动依赖于杂环稠合苯环所构成的分子结构。在2100℃以前,碳体的分子结构发生明显变化,有序性增加,无序区减小。当温度达到2800℃时,该试样便转变为属于D6h空间群的六角平面的层状石墨结构。另外,还估算了试样在1000℃至1700℃温度范围内碳体微晶尺寸(La)的值,发现在此温间La成长较慢。 By using the method of experiments, the author studies the influence of inclination to success and failure in students' learning behaviors in various teaching circumstances. The result shows that testing group could attribute their success to ability and some other stable factors under the success condition, while the normal group attributed their failure to efforts, luck and some other unstable external or internal factors. Under the failure condition, the cause of inclination to failure is... By using the method of experiments, the author studies the influence of inclination to success and failure in students' learning behaviors in various teaching circumstances. The result shows that testing group could attribute their success to ability and some other stable factors under the success condition, while the normal group attributed their failure to efforts, luck and some other unstable external or internal factors. Under the failure condition, the cause of inclination to failure is opposite to success. According to it, the author wants to further analyze how dose the various causes influence learning behavior. It is very important for students to learn better and form the good learning behavior. 本文通过实验,研究不同教学情境对学生体操学习行为归因倾向的影响。结果表明,在成功条件下,实验组倾向于能力等稳定因素的归因对照组倾向于努力、运气等内部的和外部的不稳定因素的归因。在动作失败的条件下,其归因倾向与“成功”的归因,恰恰相反。进而探讨学生不同归因是如何对学习行为发生作用的。这对于学生取得良好的学习效果,形成有利于学习行为的归因模式有着积极的意义
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