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The power output and fuel economy of the gasoline engines type 475C-2 and 492Q when using methanol as an alternative fuel are investigated. It is pointed out that when more methanol is used, the principle of equal heating values in each cycle must be observed and the orifice of carburetor should be increased in order to guarantee better power performance. It is shown that with adjusted ignition angle of advance, larger compression ratio and appropriate preheating of the mixture, better fuel economy can be achieved.... The power output and fuel economy of the gasoline engines type 475C-2 and 492Q when using methanol as an alternative fuel are investigated. It is pointed out that when more methanol is used, the principle of equal heating values in each cycle must be observed and the orifice of carburetor should be increased in order to guarantee better power performance. It is shown that with adjusted ignition angle of advance, larger compression ratio and appropriate preheating of the mixture, better fuel economy can be achieved. The toxicity of methanol has been tested on small white mice. Tests on the methanol-gasoline blend have also been made. 本文通过在475C-2和492Q汽油机上掺烧甲醇的试验研究,分析了掺烧甲醇时汽油机的动力性能及燃油经济性,指出在掺烧较多甲醇时,应根据每循环中混合气热值不变的原则,加大化油器的量孔,以保证具有较好的动力性能;指出调整点火提前角、提高压缩比以及适当预热混合气等,可以提高掺烧甲醇时燃油的经济性.文中还通过对小白鼠的试验,论述了甲醇的毒性,并对甲醇与汽油的混溶试验进行了一些研究. For exploiting alternative fuels to petroleum, intensive research has been undertaken on the utilization of methanol and methanol-gasoline blend as fuel in 4-stroke I. C. engines. This paper reports the brake output, fuel economy, ability of burning lean mixture and exhaust emission of a 2- stroke spark ignition engine when burning coal-derived methanol fuel as well as the experimental results on catalytic purification of the exhaust. Comparing with burning gasoline, the output and efficiency increased,... For exploiting alternative fuels to petroleum, intensive research has been undertaken on the utilization of methanol and methanol-gasoline blend as fuel in 4-stroke I. C. engines. This paper reports the brake output, fuel economy, ability of burning lean mixture and exhaust emission of a 2- stroke spark ignition engine when burning coal-derived methanol fuel as well as the experimental results on catalytic purification of the exhaust. Comparing with burning gasoline, the output and efficiency increased, especially when high compression ratio is used, they can be increased as much as 1/3, The conventional exhaust emissions (NO_x, CO) decrease. However, as the unburnt fuel is emitted directly from the cylinder during the scavenging process so both methanol and formaldehyde exist in a great proportion in the exhaust gas. In our preliminary experiments, after catalytic reaction with palladium, their contents in the exhaust gas are reduced to the same level as that when burning gasoline. 为了开发石油代用能源,许多国家正在研究在四冲程内燃机上燃烧甲醇和甲醇-汽油混合燃料的问题。本文对二冲程汽油机以煤制甲醇作燃料时的功率、燃料消耗率、燃烧稀薄混合气的能力和排放特性进行了试验研究。二冲程汽油机改烧甲醇后,功率和热效率都有提高,尤其是提高压缩比后,最大功率和热效率都可提高近1/3。在排气成分方面,与燃烧汽油时相比,排气中NO_x和CO含量都有所下降。但是,由于扫气过程中有一部分甲醇未经燃烧而直接排出,以致排气中甲醇和甲醛含量都大大增加。经初步使用钯催化剂进行催化反应后,排气申甲醇和甲醛排放量可降低到燃烧汽油时的水平。 Unburned methanol and formaldehyde in exhaust emission of a methanolgasoline fuelled automobile were tested. A Gaussian-type model was used to simulate the methanol and formaldehyde dispersion in the air. The pollutant concentrations caused by the emisions from both point and line sources were calculated using this model. Concentration contour maps based on either measured or calculated data were plotted. The results obtained suggest no significant threat to ambient air quality from the application of methanol-gasoline... Unburned methanol and formaldehyde in exhaust emission of a methanolgasoline fuelled automobile were tested. A Gaussian-type model was used to simulate the methanol and formaldehyde dispersion in the air. The pollutant concentrations caused by the emisions from both point and line sources were calculated using this model. Concentration contour maps based on either measured or calculated data were plotted. The results obtained suggest no significant threat to ambient air quality from the application of methanol-gasoline fuel. 对使用甲醇-汽油燃料的汽车尾气排放中甲醇和甲醛进行了场地测定.设计了模拟甲醛和甲醇在大气中扩散的高斯模型,编写了程序并计算了来自各点源和线源的排放浓度.将所得数据进行图象显示,绘出等浓度图.结果表明,应用甲醇-汽油燃料不足以造成对公路旁环境的威胁.
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