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Occurrence of Ustilago tritici on the improved varieties of spring wheat is a serions problem in Manchuria.The use of modified hot-water treatment in the early spring is more or less limited on account of the enormous quantity of seeds and the short period of sowing time.For this purpose,the hot-water treatment of the seeds in the fall and to store over the winter after being perfectly dried is suggested. Experments are held in the laboratory and greenhouse,as well as in the field. The treated and untreated... Occurrence of Ustilago tritici on the improved varieties of spring wheat is a serions problem in Manchuria.The use of modified hot-water treatment in the early spring is more or less limited on account of the enormous quantity of seeds and the short period of sowing time.For this purpose,the hot-water treatment of the seeds in the fall and to store over the winter after being perfectly dried is suggested. Experments are held in the laboratory and greenhouse,as well as in the field. The treated and untreated seeds are stored under various environmental conditions at different periods of longevity.A final measurement between treated and un- treated seeds is made. The results obtained from 1953 to 1955 indicate as follows:Generally,under normal dry conditions of more than five months' storage,there is no difference between treated and untreated seeds in the percentages of germination,rates of emergence,heights and dry weights of seedlings,and yields.However,under conditions of high relative humidity,the treated seeds would be deteriorated in the same manner as the untreated ones.Although the results point out that the treated seeds tend to delay the emergence of seedlings from soil,yet,it does not influence the later growth of the wheat plants.Varietal difference between the treatments in the experiments is insignificant. The tentative results lead to a conclusion that the seeds of spring wheat varieties to be treated in the fall and stored in the winter may have a practi- cal value in Manchuria. 1.经二年的试验证明,小麦种子经冷水温汤浸种后,充分干燥,在普通干燥室内贮藏达5个月以上,其发芽、出土、苗期生长及最终产量均不受影响。2.在潮湿情况下贮藏,种子的出土率即迅速降低。但温汤浸种后的种子对湿度的感应与一般种子无异。3.参加试验的三个东北地区小麦推广良种对于浸种与贮藏关系上所表现的反应一致。4.贮藏对温汤浸种的防病效果无影响。 In this paper the possibility and requirements for growing olive in China were discussed; seed characters including the germination test, the availability of embryo in each seed, the water permiability of seed coat, the chemical and mechanical treatments of seed for hasten-ning germination before sowing, the test for interspacing sowing time, as well as the cutting and grafting experiments have been analyzed and conducted. It is suggested that autumn sowing with seeds mechanically decapited (tip-brokened) and... In this paper the possibility and requirements for growing olive in China were discussed; seed characters including the germination test, the availability of embryo in each seed, the water permiability of seed coat, the chemical and mechanical treatments of seed for hasten-ning germination before sowing, the test for interspacing sowing time, as well as the cutting and grafting experiments have been analyzed and conducted. It is suggested that autumn sowing with seeds mechanically decapited (tip-brokened) and soaked in 0.5% thiourea for 24 hrs. accelerates the germination. Rooting with young seedling cuttings also produce satis-factory results. 我国自1956年开始进行油橄榄的引种驯化工作。本文讨论了油橄榄的经济意义、生态特性、在我国引种成功的可能性;并报导了在繁殖技术和适应性方面的观察研究结果。 It has been found in this experiment that the wheat in Guangtongprovince has the following characteristics:short tillering period,loweffective-tillering rate,early appearance of the tillering stage with alongpersisting peak,early differentiation of the spike and a short differentia-ting time,late concentrated degeneration of the floscule and a long grainmilking stage.Under the ecological conditions in Guangtong provincc,in accordancewith the above-mentioned characteristics of wheat,the authors have putforward... It has been found in this experiment that the wheat in Guangtongprovince has the following characteristics:short tillering period,loweffective-tillering rate,early appearance of the tillering stage with alongpersisting peak,early differentiation of the spike and a short differentia-ting time,late concentrated degeneration of the floscule and a long grainmilking stage.Under the ecological conditions in Guangtong provincc,in accordancewith the above-mentioned characteristics of wheat,the authors have putforward some suggestions to avoid the harmful factors and make use ofthe advantages.In order to ensure a high,stable yield it is suggested toput emphasis on:cultivars to be chosen,the ways to increase production,sowing time,the cultivation of stout seedlings,and the prevention fromthe bad effects of the rainy days on grain milking in the late stage. 研究表明:广东小麦具有分蘖期短,成穗少,分蘖高峰期出现早,高峰持续时间长;幼穗分化早,分化期短,小花退化晚,退化集中;籽粒灌浆期长等特点。在广东的生态条件下,根据小麦上述特点对品种选用、增产途径、播种期、培育壮苗以及防止后期阴雨天气对籽粒灌浆等影响,趋利避害,以达到高产稳产,提出一些看法。
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