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Musculoskeletal injuries in the pediatric and adolescent athlete
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The extensor mechanism of the knee is the most common source of overuse complaints in the adolescent athlete.
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Any adolescent athlete with persistent low back pain should be assessedfor spondylolytic etiologies.
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An ankle fracture that is encountered relatively frequently in the adolescent athlete is the juvenile Tillaux fracture.
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Approaching the adolescent athlete with low back injury requires knowledge of three broad concepts to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
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| Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured in 111 adolescent athletes. 57 males and 54 females,aged 12.6 ±2.6 years on average. Results revealed that the STI of young athletes were superior to those of non-athletes, indicating that athletic exercise is definitely beneficial to the developement and function of heart. What kind of sports they had adopted and how long they had undertaken the training were not relevant variables (p>0.05). The differences in STI between the 7-12-year age group... Systolic time intervals (STI) were measured in 111 adolescent athletes. 57 males and 54 females,aged 12.6 ±2.6 years on average. Results revealed that the STI of young athletes were superior to those of non-athletes, indicating that athletic exercise is definitely beneficial to the developement and function of heart. What kind of sports they had adopted and how long they had undertaken the training were not relevant variables (p>0.05). The differences in STI between the 7-12-year age group and the 13-16-year age group were highly significant (P<0.01); this is related to the rapid-growth phase of the heart in adolescence. Correlation analysis with the test for signifficant difference (P<0.01). made of height, weight, systolic bloooi pressure and heart rate to QS2, LVET and PEP showed that correlation does exist. (P<0.01). Normal standard adolescent STI can be computed from heart rates and the regression equations. | 测定了111名少年运动员的STI,其中男5F名,女54名,均龄12.6±2.6岁。研究结果表明:少年运动员STI优于非运动少年儿童,体育锻炼对少儿心脏发育和功能的提高具有良好的促进作用,专项训练和训练年限对少年运动员STI的影响,差异无显著性(P>0.05),7至12岁与13至16岁组间STI的差异有高度显著性(P>0.01),这与少儿心脏增长发育处于高潮期有关;将身高、体重、收缩压,心率与QS_2、LVET、PEP进行相关分析和显著性检验P<0.01,表明确实存在相关关系;由心率及回归方程推算出正常标准值。 | For the prevention and treatment of anemia in athletes, a series of studies have been conducted on 427 athletes of training teams, institute of physical education, and amateur school of physical education in Beijing. The main results were as follows: 1. The anemia incidences of 192 elite athletes and 124 children and adolescent athletes were 22.4% and39.5% respectively. The anemia incidences were significantly higher in female and younger athletes. 2. Hb levels decreased and urinary... For the prevention and treatment of anemia in athletes, a series of studies have been conducted on 427 athletes of training teams, institute of physical education, and amateur school of physical education in Beijing. The main results were as follows: 1. The anemia incidences of 192 elite athletes and 124 children and adolescent athletes were 22.4% and39.5% respectively. The anemia incidences were significantly higher in female and younger athletes. 2. Hb levels decreased and urinary nitrogen output increased at the early stage of intensive training(one-two month) of the majority athletes investigated. Comprehensive nutrition supplementation was effectivein preventing sports anemia. 3. Results of the investigation on blood parameters showed that iron deficient anemia was the majortype in anemia of athletes. 4. RBC filter rates decreased and RBC osmotic fragility, RBC suspension viscosity, and the percentagesof abnormal shaped RBC (by SEM) increased in athletes after anaerobic exercise, but there have beenenough evidences to elucidate whether the damaging effects on RBC deformability induced by anaerobic exercise would cause anemia. 5. Sweat iron levels of adult and children athletes were 60+30 ug/dL and 42+10 ug/dL respectively.Iron absorption rate of athletes in training (9.1+2.9%) was significantly lower than that of the non-training period (11.9+4.7%). The results suggested that athletes with heavy sweating and in systematictraining are "sensitive" population to iron deficient anemia. | 为防治运动员贫血,本文以集训队、体育院校和业余体校的运动员427人为对象进行了系列研究,结果表明: 1.192名集训队优秀运动员和124名儿童青少年运动员的贫血检出率分别是22.4%和39.5%,女性和年幼运动员的贫血检出率较高。2.运动员在加大运动量训练的早期(1—2月),多数Hb水平下降、尿氮排出量增加。全面营养补充对预防运动性贫血有一定效果。3.血液学指标研究提示缺铁性贫血是运动员贫血的一种主要类型。 | In order to approach the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of zinc forchildren and adolescent athletes, a series of studies were carried out on 156athletes training at Beijing Amateur Sports School from 1989 to 1991. The main results were as follows: 1. As average zinc dietary intakes of athletes was 14-18mg/d for the majority,serum zinc levels of 4.5% and 25.0% of the athletes investigated were<70μg/dLand <90μg/dL respectively; and hair zinc levels of 16.7% and 25% of theathletes investigated... In order to approach the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of zinc forchildren and adolescent athletes, a series of studies were carried out on 156athletes training at Beijing Amateur Sports School from 1989 to 1991. The main results were as follows: 1. As average zinc dietary intakes of athletes was 14-18mg/d for the majority,serum zinc levels of 4.5% and 25.0% of the athletes investigated were<70μg/dLand <90μg/dL respectively; and hair zinc levels of 16.7% and 25% of theathletes investigated were <110 ppm and <120ppm respectively. 2. Zinc balance of athletes undergoing vigrous training was in negativestate and it was in positive state as athletes were in resting state. 3. Low serum and hair zinc levels were corrected after three month's 8mg/d zinc supplementation. There has been no significant difference in serumand hair zinc levels of athletes with 8mg/d or 16mg/d zinc supplementation. 4. RDA of zinc has been suggested to be 15-20 mg/d for 6-10 year-oldathletes, and 20-25 mg/d for 10-18 year-old athletes. | 本文为了解儿童青少年运动员的锌营养状况并从中探讨其日供给量,以北京市业余体校的156名8—16岁的儿童青少年运动员为对象(男75、女81人),进行了(1)膳食锌摄入量(采用膳食锌实测法和食物称重—食物成分表计算法)、血清锌和发锌水平检测;(2)运动员在运动与不运动情况下锌平衡状态的测定;(3)运动员在补充不同量锌强化食品三个月前后的血清和发锌水平变化等研究。初步提出儿童青少年运动员膳食锌的日供给量应比一般不运动的儿童青少年高;6—10岁者为15—20mg/d,10—18岁者为20—25mg/d。 | | | | << 更多相关文摘 |
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