The technology of inner washing in connection with outer diffusion washing of the continuous digester has the advantages of being long in washing time,high in washing efficiency,high in concentration of the black liquor extracted,uniform in the pulp layer thickness and uniform in the pulp layer structure and concentration and is reliable in running and apt to automatic control and the closed cycle of washing water is thus realized.
The technical measures of water conservation, in particular, the feasibility, existing problems and counter measures of the closed cycle and“ zero discharge” are discussed based on the pulping system and paper making system.
Non－ deinking recycled paper mills are easy to achieve closed cycle,while deinking recycled paper mills are difficult to achieve closed cycle because of adding many chemicals in the process.
The Mo-Cu compound is prepared by the chemical co-precipitation with (NH 4) 6Mo 7O 24 ·2H 2O and CuSO 4·5H 2O(Mo∶Cu=70∶30), then the Mo-Cu composite powder is produced from Mo -Cu compound by closed circulation hydrogen reduction process.
With consideration to cost effectiveness and reducing consumption,this article outlines the revamp measures in the baking,purification and dry absorption sections for the expansion and revamp of the 40 kt/a pyrite-based sulfuric acid plant using single-conversion and single-absorption process to the 80 kt/a plant using double-conversion and double-absorption process,which has achieved closed circulation of diluted acid,zero sewage discharge and offgas vent conforming to the standard.
The even Mo-Cu composite powders with particle size less than 100 nm are prepared by closed circulation hydrogen reduction from Mo-Cu compound at 650℃.
Based on the qualitative and quantitative index gained from the assessment, we could identify the CPA level and the implementation level of wastewater closed recycle, and put forward accordingly suggestions and environment protecting measures.
With double stage neutralization,double stage flocculation settlement,one stage vacuum filtration,and one stage cooling,the new process for treatment of waste water coming from the water scrubbing purification section realizes enclosed recycling and zero emission.
A particular complex static system, viz., a partial positive feedback static system (closed cycle) for crushing mineral ores and other materials, is studied.
Amplitude variations within a closed cycle (Amin … → Amax … → Amin) lead to hysteresis in the Vp(Amin-max-min) dependence (i.e., the ascending and descending branches of the curve do not coincide).
The field of the liquid phase around a bubble is constructed, conditions are obtained for the existence of a region of closed circulation of the liquid phase, and the boundaries of this region are determined.
A solution is given to the problem of convective diffusion of the substance to the region of closed circulation, and the mass-transfer coefficient between a bubble and the continuous phase is determined as a function of the flow parameters.
In the potential-rotational model [1], in which the vorticity is nonzero only in a closed circulation zone surrounded by potential flow, it is assumed that the separation and attachment points are known in advance.
An experimental investigation is described for the characteristics of convective boiling flow instabilities in horizontally helically coiled tubes using a steam-water two-phase closed circulation test loop at pressure from 0.5 MPa to 3.5 MPa.
封闭循环
closed cycle
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