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| | The solid grains in non-Newtonian flow are referred to bed load, suspended load and neutral-buoyant load. The non-Newtonian fluid is of high viscosity and yield stress, so that the falling velocity of grain is obvious ly smaller than that in clear water. This implies a larger drag coefficient in non-Newtonian flow. The rate of bed load transport in non-Newtonian flow in open channel seems to be basically in line with the Bagnold equation. But in non-Newtonian turbulent flow, a high intensity of bedload moti... | | 非牛顿流体中固体颗粒的运动可分为推移质、悬移质和中性悬浮质运动.颗粒在非牛顿流体中的沉速显著小于清水中的,这反映了非牛顿流体中颗粒运动的阻力系数显著增大.非牛顿体明渠流中一般推移质运动适合拜格诺公式,但比水流中的推移质运动更容易发展成层移质运动,此时输沙率比拜格诺公式的值大.当非牛顿体流动转为层流时,表层流速加快而挟带的推移质显著减少. 与水流相比,非牛顿流体的悬移质挟沙力大得多,但冲刷率在小流量时较小,大流量时则大得多.大流量非牛顿流体明渠流中常发生严重冲刷,在一定条件下可能发生“揭河底”冲刷.试验中复演了这一特殊的冲刷现象. | | 文摘来源 | | Dujiang Weir is a world-famous irrigation pr■ which was constructed more early than two thousand years ago. This paper probes into the principles of system science on resolving the contradictions among leading water, diverting flood and scouring sediment. The principles are useful for the exploitation and utiligation of the water resources now. | | 都江堰工程从河流水沙运动的整体出发,发挥系统自组织、自适应机制,以简单的工程设施调节复杂的水沙运动,把引水可靠、防洪安全和有效排沙和谐地统一在动态平衡之中。历代劳动人民以生产力发展为动力,利用信息反馈,通过不断的工程维修扩建使都江堰设计科学、效益巨著、日趋完善、活力无穷。这些系统科学思想对今天科学治水仍有很大的现实意义。 | | 文摘来源 | | Based on the data obtained from intensive field investigation, analysis has been conducted to find out the mechanism of scouring sediment by using reservoir water. This paper presents the calculation methodology solving the problems in storage capacity and cleaning time of sediment by the scouring approach. The results also provide parameters for the silmilar work. | | 根据山西省科委下达的“水库引水冲滩清淤技术的试验研究”重点科技攻关课题,通过野外观测和试验研究,在分析大量实测资料的基础上,探讨了引水冲滩冲刷机理及其规律,提出了引水冲滩清淤的计算方法,以此回答水库应用该技术时的库容恢复量和冲刷时间等有关问题,为其它水库做类似工作提供参数。 | | 文摘来源 | |   | | << 更多相关文摘 |
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