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The species and their abundance of arthropod communities in wheat fields of Qingzhou were in- vestigated at winter time during 1989-1992.It is found that the arthropod communities consist of 24 species,among which,16 species are beneficial for crops,8 species are harmful. The quan- itative dvnamics and characteristics of main pests and their natural enemies in the community are analysed using Shannon’s index(H)and evenness(J’).During winter time,the number of indi-viduals in arthropod community... The species and their abundance of arthropod communities in wheat fields of Qingzhou were in- vestigated at winter time during 1989-1992.It is found that the arthropod communities consist of 24 species,among which,16 species are beneficial for crops,8 species are harmful. The quan- itative dvnamics and characteristics of main pests and their natural enemies in the community are analysed using Shannon’s index(H)and evenness(J’).During winter time,the number of indi-viduals in arthropod community is decreased, while the diversity,evenness and stability of the community are increased. 山东青州麦田常见节肢动物的冬季群落结构丛建国(潍坊教育学院生物系,山东青州262500)CommunityStructureofCommonArthropodsinWheatFieldsofQingzhou,SkandongatWin-terTime... rthropod communities were studied in four types of rice ecosystems,i.e. , Changshadouble hybrid rice in Hunan (CS).Fuyang hybrid-japonica rice in Zhejiang(FY),and Jurong(JR,in Jiangsu)and Zhengzhou(ZZ, in Henan ) winter wheat-japonica rice, in China since1991. The arthropod guilds were defined as phytophages, predators parasitoids, aquaticmosquitoes and scavengers.A total of arthropod species recorded was 103 and 102(FY,earlyand late rice), 89 and 104(JR in 1991 and 1992), 184(ZZ) ,respectively,... rthropod communities were studied in four types of rice ecosystems,i.e. , Changshadouble hybrid rice in Hunan (CS).Fuyang hybrid-japonica rice in Zhejiang(FY),and Jurong(JR,in Jiangsu)and Zhengzhou(ZZ, in Henan ) winter wheat-japonica rice, in China since1991. The arthropod guilds were defined as phytophages, predators parasitoids, aquaticmosquitoes and scavengers.A total of arthropod species recorded was 103 and 102(FY,earlyand late rice), 89 and 104(JR in 1991 and 1992), 184(ZZ) ,respectively, Most of the species(about 44%-72%)only presented less than 10 individuals during the whole cropping sea-son. The species- abundance relationship proved to fit to the log- normal distribution. Amongguilds , relative abundance varied with the rice ecosystems , which may be either aquaticmosquitoes(FY,early rice),collembola(JR),or phytophages(CS and ZZ). Those non- pestspecies such as mosquitoes probably play an important role as the predators'foods ,especiallyat the early rice growth stage to maintain the predator's populations. The predominant phy-tophages included rice brown planthopper, Nilaparavata lugens(except in FY early rice ),white-backed planthopper , Sogatella furcifera(except C) , aphids and smaller brown plan-thopper, Laodelphax striatellus ,green leafhoppers ,Nephotettis spp.(ZZ) and so on. Spiders,mainly Lycosidae(Pardosa pseudoannulata,Pirata spp. )are the major abundant predators inall of the four rice ecosystem. Other abundant natural enemies can be Cyrtorrhinus lividipen-nis and Microvelia horvathi(FY and CS). The species diversities,measured using Hill's num-bers N_1 and N_2,of arthropod community in the rice ecosystems,were ranked :ZZ(28. 56)>FY late rice(22.243)>JR91(11. 08)>FY early rice(6. 43)>JR92(6. 80)>CS(6. 72). 根据在浙江富阳、河南郑州、江苏句容和湖南长沙的连续田间调查,稻田节肢动物群落的组成依生态学上的营养关系分为植食类(害虫)、捕食类和寄生类(天敌)、以及腐生类和水生类(与水稻关系不甚密切,但可作为天敌的猎物)等。进一步分析显示,不同稻区的节肢动物群落的种-丰盛度关系适于用对数正态分布(Lognormaldistribution)模型描述,单一作物生长季节中取样总计少于10个个体的物种所占比例为43.76%-71.91%。不同类群的相对丰盛度因地而异,且可是水生类的摇蚊(富阳早稻田)、白背飞虱和褐飞虱(富阳晚稻、句容、长沙)、黑尾叶蝉(郑州)或腐生类的弹尾虫(句容)。多样性(以N_1表示)的高低顺序为郑州(28.56)>富阳晚稻(22.43)>句容91(11.08)>富阳早稻(6.43),句容92(6.80),和长沙(6.72)。极丰盛种所包括的个体数占总个体数量的比例在69%-80%之间,具有普遍性的丰盛种有猎物类的褐飞虱、白背飞虱、蚊类、弹尾虫以及捕食类的狼蛛、黑肩绿盲蝽和尖钩宽蝽等,构成了稻田节肢动物群落组成及功能作用的主体。 Continuous field sampling on the arthropod community was conducted in three different rice ecosystems in China. Results showed that at early planting stage , the most abundant preys were mosquitoes, flies and collembolas and was termed as "neutral insects" rather than insect pests in this paper. Systematic anal ysis indicated that these insects provided the major food resources, sometimes a s high as 90% of the total preys at this stage in Fuyang county, Zhejiang provin ce. The webbing spiders was... Continuous field sampling on the arthropod community was conducted in three different rice ecosystems in China. Results showed that at early planting stage , the most abundant preys were mosquitoes, flies and collembolas and was termed as "neutral insects" rather than insect pests in this paper. Systematic anal ysis indicated that these insects provided the major food resources, sometimes a s high as 90% of the total preys at this stage in Fuyang county, Zhejiang provin ce. The webbing spiders was found to be more than 50% of the total predators in abundance. The species Ummeliata insecticeps in Jurong county, Jiangsu pr ovince and Fuyang, Tetragnatha maxillosa in Zhengzhou, Henan province and Erigonids in the 3 sites were the predominant predators. The seasonal populatio n dynamics of the webbing spiders were positively correlated to the "neutral in sects". In conclusion, the ecological significance of "neutral insects" in r ice ecosystems should be re investigated in developing the integrated pest mana gement program. 在稻田节肢动物群落中,与水稻无直接营养关系的中性昆虫,如摇蚊、蚊、蝇、弹尾虫等,构成了捕食者猎物的重要组分。系统分析显示,中性昆虫在水稻生长前期为主要的猎物,其丰盛度的比例可高达90%以上(富阳早稻)。相应地,结网类蜘蛛由于可以大量取食中性昆虫猎物,其个体数量占捕食性天敌的50%以上,优势种有食虫沟瘤蛛(富阳和句容稻区)、锥腹肖蛸(郑州稻区)等。在一定条件下,结网类捕食者与中性昆虫相对丰盛度的季节动态呈正相关。从农田生态系统的整体性考虑,中性昆虫的生态学意义有必要进一步深入研究
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