1. The structure and dynamics of the arthropod community in orchards was investigated, identified, classified and analyzed from 2001 to 2003 in Shanxi. 178 species belonged to 4 classes, 19 orders and 86 families were discovered in the orchards, including 18 species of predators representing 9 families, 6 orders; 68 species of spiders representing 14 families;
The results indicated that there were 178 species of arthropod belonging to 101 families in chestnut orchard. The relative abundance of phytophages was 0.93295,the value during April to October was 0.79026-0.96978;
The main results are showed as follows:1．88 species of arthropods belonging to 12 orders, 53 families, were found in cotton fields, which included 39 phytophagous pests, 40 enemies and 9 neutral arthropod species.
The reestablishment of the arthropod community in short-term crop fields:Ⅲ. Community reestablishment and conservation and utilization of natural enemies
The results indicated that the largest number of arthropod species and the least number of individuals were in the treatment with weeds (P<0.05), and the least number of arthropod species and the largest number of individuals were in the treatment without weeds (P<0.05).
The relative abundance of phytophages and predators were 0.953367 and 0.O46188 respectively. So it can be seen that the phytophages dominated the arthropod community in peach orchards. The dominant concentration of phytophages was 0.980648,larger than that of predators(0.886292) and parasitoids(0.420000).
The term "type of parasitism" designates a set of convergently arising morpho-physiological and ecological adaptations (adaptive complexes), demonstrated by different arthropod taxa.
The pathogenicity of parasitic arthropods for the host organism is conditioned by the direct loss of blood and tissues, toxic effect of the arthropod's saliva, and allergic reactions.
A new approach to the formal classification of arthropod margin feeding plant damage is proposed.
Stomach content analysis of the snake-eyed skink suggests that it is a generalist predator of small, mainly flightless arthropod prey.
In the period 1993-2006, during investigation of reproduction biology of the bearded tit, 106 deserted nests of the species were collected in Slovakia, Austria and Italy and their arthropod fauna was analyzed.
The species and their abundance of arthropod communities in wheat fields of Qingzhou were in- vestigated at winter time during 1989-1992.It is found that the arthropod communities consist of 24 species,among which,16 species are beneficial for crops,8 species are harmful. The quan- itative dvnamics and characteristics of main pests and their natural enemies in the community are analysed using Shannon’s index(H)and evenness(J’).During winter time,the number of indi-viduals in arthropod community...
The species and their abundance of arthropod communities in wheat fields of Qingzhou were in- vestigated at winter time during 1989-1992.It is found that the arthropod communities consist of 24 species,among which,16 species are beneficial for crops,8 species are harmful. The quan- itative dvnamics and characteristics of main pests and their natural enemies in the community are analysed using Shannon’s index(H)and evenness(J’).During winter time,the number of indi-viduals in arthropod community is decreased, while the diversity,evenness and stability of the community are increased.
rthropod communities were studied in four types of rice ecosystems,i.e. , Changshadouble hybrid rice in Hunan (CS).Fuyang hybrid-japonica rice in Zhejiang(FY),and Jurong(JR,in Jiangsu)and Zhengzhou(ZZ, in Henan ) winter wheat-japonica rice, in China since1991. The arthropod guilds were defined as phytophages, predators parasitoids, aquaticmosquitoes and scavengers.A total of arthropod species recorded was 103 and 102(FY,earlyand late rice), 89 and 104(JR in 1991 and 1992), 184(ZZ) ,respectively,...
rthropod communities were studied in four types of rice ecosystems,i.e. , Changshadouble hybrid rice in Hunan (CS).Fuyang hybrid-japonica rice in Zhejiang(FY),and Jurong(JR,in Jiangsu)and Zhengzhou(ZZ, in Henan ) winter wheat-japonica rice, in China since1991. The arthropod guilds were defined as phytophages, predators parasitoids, aquaticmosquitoes and scavengers.A total of arthropod species recorded was 103 and 102(FY,earlyand late rice), 89 and 104(JR in 1991 and 1992), 184(ZZ) ,respectively, Most of the species(about 44%-72%)only presented less than 10 individuals during the whole cropping sea-son. The species- abundance relationship proved to fit to the log- normal distribution. Amongguilds , relative abundance varied with the rice ecosystems , which may be either aquaticmosquitoes(FY,early rice),collembola(JR),or phytophages(CS and ZZ). Those non- pestspecies such as mosquitoes probably play an important role as the predators'foods ,especiallyat the early rice growth stage to maintain the predator's populations. The predominant phy-tophages included rice brown planthopper, Nilaparavata lugens(except in FY early rice ),white-backed planthopper , Sogatella furcifera(except C) , aphids and smaller brown plan-thopper, Laodelphax striatellus ,green leafhoppers ,Nephotettis spp.(ZZ) and so on. Spiders,mainly Lycosidae(Pardosa pseudoannulata,Pirata spp. )are the major abundant predators inall of the four rice ecosystem. Other abundant natural enemies can be Cyrtorrhinus lividipen-nis and Microvelia horvathi(FY and CS). The species diversities,measured using Hill's num-bers N_1 and N_2,of arthropod community in the rice ecosystems,were ranked :ZZ(28. 56)>FY late rice(22.243)>JR91(11. 08)>FY early rice(6. 43)>JR92(6. 80)>CS(6. 72).
Continuous field sampling on the arthropod community was conducted in three different rice ecosystems in China. Results showed that at early planting stage , the most abundant preys were mosquitoes, flies and collembolas and was termed as "neutral insects" rather than insect pests in this paper. Systematic anal ysis indicated that these insects provided the major food resources, sometimes a s high as 90% of the total preys at this stage in Fuyang county, Zhejiang provin ce. The webbing spiders was...
Continuous field sampling on the arthropod community was conducted in three different rice ecosystems in China. Results showed that at early planting stage , the most abundant preys were mosquitoes, flies and collembolas and was termed as "neutral insects" rather than insect pests in this paper. Systematic anal ysis indicated that these insects provided the major food resources, sometimes a s high as 90% of the total preys at this stage in Fuyang county, Zhejiang provin ce. The webbing spiders was found to be more than 50% of the total predators in abundance. The species Ummeliata insecticeps in Jurong county, Jiangsu pr ovince and Fuyang, Tetragnatha maxillosa in Zhengzhou, Henan province and Erigonids in the 3 sites were the predominant predators. The seasonal populatio n dynamics of the webbing spiders were positively correlated to the "neutral in sects". In conclusion, the ecological significance of "neutral insects" in r ice ecosystems should be re investigated in developing the integrated pest mana gement program.
arthropod
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