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The equations of nonlinearly constrained optimization are presented for the evaluation of the minimal circumscribed sphere. The optimal solurions are obtained by use of the effective constraint technique. The accuracy and applicability of the linear mathematical model are discussed in this paper. 本文把最小外接球的评定问题表述为非线性约束最优化问题,并采用有效约束技术求得精确的最优解。文章还对常用的线性模型的误差和适用性进行讨论。 The OODM is a user interface management system which is mainly used to create and improve user interface prototypes rapidly. In this paper, we present a new UI structural model──form-independent model, which becomes the theoritical basis of OODM development. the OODM does not need textual specification language for user interface. It user the direct manipulation techniques together with object-oriented method, visual prograrnming thchniques and constraint techniques to construct the UI prototypes.... The OODM is a user interface management system which is mainly used to create and improve user interface prototypes rapidly. In this paper, we present a new UI structural model──form-independent model, which becomes the theoritical basis of OODM development. the OODM does not need textual specification language for user interface. It user the direct manipulation techniques together with object-oriented method, visual prograrnming thchniques and constraint techniques to construct the UI prototypes. The paper introduces the design methods of OODM UIMS. OODM是一个面向对象的用户界面管理系统,主要用于快速建立和改进用户界面原型。本文分析了已有UIMSs的不足,提出了一种新的UI结构模型──形式独立的模型,并以此作为OODM开发的理论基础。OODM不需要界面规范说明语言,它采用直接操纵技术,结合面向对象的程序设计方法和可视编程技术及约束技术,建立和改进了基于事件模型的界面原型,因而提高了UIMS的易使用性、易修改性、易重用性和易扩充性。本文介绍了OODM的设计思想。 WT5BZ]Smooth constraint is important in linear inversion, but it is difficult to apply directly to model parameters in genetic algorithms. If the model parameters are smoothed in iteration, the diversity of models will be greatly suppressed and all the models in population will tend to equal in a few iterations, so the optimal solution meeting requirement can not be obtained. In this paper, an indirect smooth constraint technique is introduced to genetic inversion. In this method, the new models produced... WT5BZ]Smooth constraint is important in linear inversion, but it is difficult to apply directly to model parameters in genetic algorithms. If the model parameters are smoothed in iteration, the diversity of models will be greatly suppressed and all the models in population will tend to equal in a few iterations, so the optimal solution meeting requirement can not be obtained. In this paper, an indirect smooth constraint technique is introduced to genetic inversion. In this method, the new models produced in iteration are smoothed, then used as theoretical models in calculation of misfit function, but in process of iteration only the original models are used in order to keep the diversity of models. The technique is effective in inversion of surface wave and receiver function. Using this technique, we invert the phase velocity of Raleigh wave in the Tibetan Plateau, revealing the horizontal variation of S wave velocity structure near the center of the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the S wave velocity in the north is relatively lower than that in the south. For most paths there is a lower velocity zone with 12~25 km thick at the depth of 15~40 km. The lower velocity zone in upper mantle is located below the depth of 100 km, and the thickness is usually 40~80 km, but for a few paths reach to 100 km thick. Among the area of Ando, Maqen and Ushu stations, there is an obvious lower velocity zone with the lowest velocity of 4.2~4.3 km/s at the depth of 90~230 km. Based on the S wave velocity structures of different paths and former data, we infer that the subduction of the Indian Plate is delimited nearby the Yalung Zangbo suture zone. 光滑约束技术在线性反演中具有重要的作用 ,但在遗传算法的反演中则很难直接施加于模型参数 ,其原因是采用光滑处理后的模型参与迭代后 ,模型的多样性受到很强的压制 ,并在少量的迭代过程中使种群的各个模型趋向一致 ,从而得不到满足条件的最优解 .本文给出了一种可用于遗传算法反演的间接光滑约束方法 .该方法将遗传算法迭代过程中产生的模型经处理后得到的光滑模型 ,作为误差函数计算的输入模型 .迭代过程仍采用原模型 ,避免了模型的多样性损失 ,在面波反演和接收函数反演的试验中取得了良好的效果 .我们利用该方法对青藏高原地区的瑞利波相速度资料进行了反演 ,揭示了青藏高原中部地区 S波速度结构的横向变化特征 .结果表明 ,青藏高原北部地区地壳 S波速度较南部地区低 ;大多数路径在 1 5~ 40 km深度范围内 ,存在 1 2~ 2 5km厚的地壳低速层 ;上地幔低速层位于 1 0 0 km深度以下 ,厚度主要在 40~ 80 km范围内变化 ,个别路径可达 1 0 0 km以上 .安多台以北、玛沁和玉树以西之间 ,在上地幔 90~ 2 30 km深度范围存在明显的低速层 ,最低速度约 4.2~ 4.3km/s.根据不同路径... 光滑约束技术在线性反演中具有重要的作用 ,但在遗传算法的反演中则很难直接施加于模型参数 ,其原因是采用光滑处理后的模型参与迭代后 ,模型的多样性受到很强的压制 ,并在少量的迭代过程中使种群的各个模型趋向一致 ,从而得不到满足条件的最优解 .本文给出了一种可用于遗传算法反演的间接光滑约束方法 .该方法将遗传算法迭代过程中产生的模型经处理后得到的光滑模型 ,作为误差函数计算的输入模型 .迭代过程仍采用原模型 ,避免了模型的多样性损失 ,在面波反演和接收函数反演的试验中取得了良好的效果 .我们利用该方法对青藏高原地区的瑞利波相速度资料进行了反演 ,揭示了青藏高原中部地区 S波速度结构的横向变化特征 .结果表明 ,青藏高原北部地区地壳 S波速度较南部地区低 ;大多数路径在 1 5~ 40 km深度范围内 ,存在 1 2~ 2 5km厚的地壳低速层 ;上地幔低速层位于 1 0 0 km深度以下 ,厚度主要在 40~ 80 km范围内变化 ,个别路径可达 1 0 0 km以上 .安多台以北、玛沁和玉树以西之间 ,在上地幔 90~ 2 30 km深度范围存在明显的低速层 ,最低速度约 4.2~ 4.3km/s.根据不同路径的 S波速度结构和前人的资料 ,我们认为印度板块的俯冲可能以雅鲁藏布缝合带附近为界
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