However, there are disputes on the issues of scope and definition of “like products”, which mingle with tax difference, environmental protection and trade protection.
In this part, the definition and the basic theory of financial lease and the tax policies of foreign financial lease are concisely discussed. First, the theory of tax difference, the theory of debt substitutability, the theory of agency costs and the bankrupt costs as well as the documents reviewed, are made as the theory basis of the paper.
GATT Article III embodies the principle of National Treatment, which provides that the like imported products should be treated as the domestic. However, there are disputes on the issues of scope and definition of “like products”, which mingle with tax difference, environmental protection and trade protection. The meaning of “like products” is made more complicated by the criteria of “direct competitive or substitutive products” and PPMs. The Appellate Body of WTO has approached a subject from d...
Jiupinhuntong" was the way of levying land and other taxes in the Western Jin Dynasty. The implementation was to classify all families into nine degrees, and took the fifth degree as the levying criteria. The amount of half the taxes paid by a first-degree and a ninth-degree families( or by a second-degree and an eighth-degree, a third-degree and a seventh- degree, a fourth-degree and a sixth-degree families), equaled to the amount of taxes that a fifth-degree family paid. "Five dou of ric...
From the viewpoints of lessee, the paper educes a logistic equation and draws some logistic conclusions of factors that influence the financial lease on the basis of using the accounting reports of listed companies of shanghai stock exchange in 2002. The author points out that the theories of tax difference and debt substitutability are the key theories, which influence the financial lease in Chinese enterprises.