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Nine typical kinds of Chinese bituminous coal, different in petrographic type and degree of metamorphism, have been selected and studied. Samples in definite size range are separated in benzene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures into various fractions having specific gravity of >1.40, 1.40—1.35, 1.35—1.30, 1.30—1.28, 1.28—1.27 etc. For each fraction, its weight % yield, petrographic constitution and caking property (caking index and Roga number) have been determined, and its proximate and elementary analyses... Nine typical kinds of Chinese bituminous coal, different in petrographic type and degree of metamorphism, have been selected and studied. Samples in definite size range are separated in benzene-carbon tetrachloride mixtures into various fractions having specific gravity of >1.40, 1.40—1.35, 1.35—1.30, 1.30—1.28, 1.28—1.27 etc. For each fraction, its weight % yield, petrographic constitution and caking property (caking index and Roga number) have been determined, and its proximate and elementary analyses have also been made. The results obtained indicate that the yields of fractions of different specific gravities vary according to the petrographic type and degree of metamorphism of coals, and that the petrographic constitution and the properties of various fractions vary regularly with their specific gravity. On the basis of comparison of petrographic constitution and caking property of each fraction, the relationship between the properties of different petrographic ingredients and the degree of metamorphism has been discussed. In addition, Roga nuraber is correlated with the petrographic constitution and the degree of metamorphism, and it is interesting to point out that there exists certain limitation in applicability of Roga number in coal investigations. 选择和研究了九种代表不同岩相类型和变质程度的烟煤,将破碎至一定粒度的试样在重液中分离成>1.40、1.40—1.35、1.35—1.30、1.30—1.28、1.28—1.27等等不同比重的级分,测定了它们的产率、岩相组成和粘结性[以粘结性指数和罗加粘结性指数(LR值)作为粘结性指标,并进行了元素分析及工业分析。试验证明,各比重级产率分布随岩相类型和变质程度不同存在着规律性的差别。各比重级煤的岩相组成和性质随比重不同也发生有规律的变化。同时,从各比重级煤的岩相组成和粘结性数据对比中,论证了各种岩相成分的性质及其与变质程度的关系。此外,还探讨了罗加粘结性指数与煤的变质程度及岩相组成的关系;指出了该指标在煤质鉴定中的某种局限性。 In the course of investigations on various methods of seed treatments for the control of kenaf anthracnose (Colletotrichum hibisci Pollacci), it was found that the results of the conventional method of hot-water treatment, that is, presoaking in cold water for 3—8 hours, and then at 50—52℃ for 10—15 minutes, were not quite consistent, and varied with different lots of seeds. It was demonstrated in the present experiment, that this inconsistency was mainly due to variations of the moisture content of the seeds... In the course of investigations on various methods of seed treatments for the control of kenaf anthracnose (Colletotrichum hibisci Pollacci), it was found that the results of the conventional method of hot-water treatment, that is, presoaking in cold water for 3—8 hours, and then at 50—52℃ for 10—15 minutes, were not quite consistent, and varied with different lots of seeds. It was demonstrated in the present experiment, that this inconsistency was mainly due to variations of the moisture content of the seeds after presoaking and priot to hot-water treatment. When seeds were presoaked at a definite temperature (20℃)for 0—24 hours, the efficacy of the treatment was found to correlate fairly well with the increase in moisture contents of the seeds, or with the increase in the length of time of presoaking. Complete disinfection was obtained by treating the seeds at 50℃ for 15 minutes or at 52℃ for 10 minutes after presoaking at 20℃ for 12 hours. The moisture content of such seeds was found to be around 40%, and this figure was considered as a safety matgin in moisture content for successful control of the disease. The time and method of harvesting, storage conditions and exposure to direct sunlight before seed treatment, may also affect the rate of water absorption during presoaking period, and hence the moisture content of the seeds. This variation can be reduced considerably by prolonged presoaking of the seeds. In our experience, a 12-hour presoaking at 20℃ was found to be adequate for this purpose. Seeds of different moisture contents may also be separated by treating the seeds in solutions of different specific gravity. It is suggested that in order to work out an effective method of hot-water treatment for controlling the disease it is necessary to adjust the right moisture content of the seed as stated in the above prior to hot-water treatment. The relation of moisture content of the seeds during presoaking period to the efficacy of hot-water treatment against internal pathogens may also be found useful in the control of other seed-borne disease. 洋麻炭疽病的种子消毒处理,在現有方法中,虽以冷水溫湯浸种为最好,但杀菌效果仍不能彻底,效果也不稳定。試驗証明,預浸后种子的含水量是决定溫浸效果的关鍵性因素。一般种子在20℃的冷水中預浸12小时,含水量由10%增加到40%,以后在50℃的温水中处理15分钟或52℃处理10分钟,就可获得彻底杀菌的效果。随着預浸时間的延长,种子的含水量相应增加,同时种子間含水量的差异也逐漸减少,更易达到彻底的目的。种子成熟度的不同和保藏情况对种子的吸水速度也有很大的影响,尤以晒种的作用更为明显。种子在处理前晒种1小时就显著減低种子的吸水速度,从而影响种子处理的效果。 A"continuous weighing"procedure is employed in studying the behaviour of the Ag electrode in 40% KOH solution.The Ag electrode is weighed continuously during the constant-current charging and discharging processes,and the weight-time curves so obtained show 4 straight-line regions corresponding to the 4 stages of the charging and discharging curves(see fig.3)From the slopes of these straight lines a probale reaction mechanism is proposed for the anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction of Ag.A single oxidation... A"continuous weighing"procedure is employed in studying the behaviour of the Ag electrode in 40% KOH solution.The Ag electrode is weighed continuously during the constant-current charging and discharging processes,and the weight-time curves so obtained show 4 straight-line regions corresponding to the 4 stages of the charging and discharging curves(see fig.3)From the slopes of these straight lines a probale reaction mechanism is proposed for the anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction of Ag.A single oxidation of Ag to Ag_2O o(?)currs in the 1st stage and both the oxidation of Ag_2O to AgO and that of Ag straight forward to AgO take place simultaneously during the 2nd stage of the charging process.In the discharge process,the 1st stage is due to the reduction of AgO to Ag_2O and the rcaction Ag+AgO→Ag_2O in parallel,while the reduction of Ag_2O toAg accounts for the 2nd stage.Quite possibly,this latter reaction is accompanied by the direct reduction of some AgO to Ag.Our results indicate that this"continuous weighing"procedure is a simple but useful method in studying electrode processes not involving gas-evolution.However,the theorectical slopes presented in this paper have been based on assumed specific gravity of the solution in the electrodes immediate neighbourhood using densities of Ag_2O(7.143)and AgO(7.44)taken from rather old literature The reliability of this value of 7.44 for AgO is questionable.Hence,a more thorough investigation of the reaction mechanism has to wait for more reliable values of the densities of the silver oxides.Further work is being planned in this direction.The origins of the phenomena of losing weight during the initial period and the bending off of the curve at the end of the charging process are not yet established.Some probable explanations have been propounded. 在充放电的仝时,测定了銀电极在40%KOH中的重量——时間曲線。根据曲線的斜率,提出了初步的反应机理。实驗結果表明这种方法可用於研究电极过程,但是需要有可靠的密度数据。
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