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This paper gives a summarization of what has been achieved since 1949 in research on techniques of producing cotton stock seeds in Jiangsu province. The application of intravarietal crossing began in 1956,but its effect was not significant for improving fiber qualities and raising the lint yield. The procedures of producing cotton stock seeds issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1965 was revised and a "three-plot system" was recommended at a meeting on the production of cotton stock seeds held by the Ministry... This paper gives a summarization of what has been achieved since 1949 in research on techniques of producing cotton stock seeds in Jiangsu province. The application of intravarietal crossing began in 1956,but its effect was not significant for improving fiber qualities and raising the lint yield. The procedures of producing cotton stock seeds issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1965 was revised and a "three-plot system" was recommended at a meeting on the production of cotton stock seeds held by the Ministry of Agriculture in 1965. The "three plots" represented three steps, i. e. , selection of typical plants,comparison among lines,and multiplication of selected lines. Intravarietal crossing was abolished in this system. Trials indicated that,under this system,the lint yield of the third generation of renovated stock seed decreased by 6. 2-11. 4% than that of the first generation,and the field varietal purity and fiber length uniformity both dropped to below 90%. Therefore,the use of stock seed was limited in three generations. Three criteria for assessing cotton varietal purity were suggested:fiber length uniformity, above 80%;percentage of seeds with untypical color,size and hairiness,below 5% (percentage of plants with untypical plant type,boll and leaf shape,below 2%. 自1949年以来,江苏棉花良种繁育技术研究取得了一定的成果。 品种内杂交在棉花良种繁育上的应用始于1956年,但棉花品种内杂交对提高产量,改进品质均无明显效果。1965年2月,农业部在江苏南通举办的全国棉花良种繁育讲习班上,讨论修改了1956年颁发的“关于棉花原种繁育工作方法<试行草案>”,废除了品种内杂交,确定了单株选择、分系比较和混系繁殖的改良混合选择法,即株行圃、株系圃和原种圃的“三圃制”。有关研究指出,原种三代皮棉产量比原种减产6.2—11.4%,田间纯度和纤维整齐度都下降到90%以下,故原种利用年限不宜超过三代。考查品种纯度的三个主要标准是:纤维整齐度应在80%以上,多毛大白子、绿子、稀毛子、稀毛绿子和光籽等杂子的比例小于5%;株型、铃型和叶型异于原品种的杂株率小于2%。实践上,应将这三者结合起来考查,才有更大的可靠性。 基于对棉花品种退化实质再认识而提出的棉花自交混繁法,于1989年3月通过江苏省科委组织的技术鉴定。该项研究在理论上有创新,技术上有突破,可以进行示范和推广,并在实践中进一步总结与完善。 随着科技、经济和社会的进步,对棉花原种生产提出了更高的要求,为适应棉花生产发展新形势的需要,针对... 自1949年以来,江苏棉花良种繁育技术研究取得了一定的成果。 品种内杂交在棉花良种繁育上的应用始于1956年,但棉花品种内杂交对提高产量,改进品质均无明显效果。1965年2月,农业部在江苏南通举办的全国棉花良种繁育讲习班上,讨论修改了1956年颁发的“关于棉花原种繁育工作方法<试行草案>”,废除了品种内杂交,确定了单株选择、分系比较和混系繁殖的改良混合选择法,即株行圃、株系圃和原种圃的“三圃制”。有关研究指出,原种三代皮棉产量比原种减产6.2—11.4%,田间纯度和纤维整齐度都下降到90%以下,故原种利用年限不宜超过三代。考查品种纯度的三个主要标准是:纤维整齐度应在80%以上,多毛大白子、绿子、稀毛子、稀毛绿子和光籽等杂子的比例小于5%;株型、铃型和叶型异于原品种的杂株率小于2%。实践上,应将这三者结合起来考查,才有更大的可靠性。 基于对棉花品种退化实质再认识而提出的棉花自交混繁法,于1989年3月通过江苏省科委组织的技术鉴定。该项研究在理论上有创新,技术上有突破,可以进行示范和推广,并在实践中进一步总结与完善。 随着科技、经济和社会的进步,对棉花原种生产提出了更高的要求,为适应棉花生产发展新形势的需要,针对现行棉种生产体制中存在的主要问题,江苏省盐城市创建了棉花“育种? Zymogram purity of esterase isozyme in 11 Maize varieties on production of Beijing were determined by using electyophoresis of es-terase isozyme.It was compaered with the varietal purity of the Maize hybrids to be examined in the field.Regression equation of between Zymogram and varietal purity y=1.1288+0.9162X,regression coefficient r=0.9094,t value=6.559>3.25It Shows that the best significant positive correration relationship is presented between laboratory determination and field examinationResults... Zymogram purity of esterase isozyme in 11 Maize varieties on production of Beijing were determined by using electyophoresis of es-terase isozyme.It was compaered with the varietal purity of the Maize hybrids to be examined in the field.Regression equation of between Zymogram and varietal purity y=1.1288+0.9162X,regression coefficient r=0.9094,t value=6.559>3.25It Shows that the best significant positive correration relationship is presented between laboratory determination and field examinationResults of laboratory determination for Zymogram purity can check with the varietal purity in the field correlatively 本文用酯酶同工酶电泳技术对北京市生产上的11个玉米杂交品种进行酯酶同工酶酶谱纯度测定,同时将被测定的杂交品种进行田间品种纯度检验。其酶谱纯度和品种纯度二者的回归方程Y=1.1288+0.9162x,相关系数γ=0.9094,对γ进行t测验结果为t=6.559>3.250。表明室内测定和室外检验结果之间存在着极显著的正相关关系。通过室内酶谱纯度测定结果,即可相应的对查出田间的品种纯度。 Under the drilling and spaced planting conditions in the field in Laiyang, over forty wheat varieties,Tr.aestivum, were evaluated over three consecutive years for seventeen traits in an attempt to screen out morphological markers for variety identification. Two types of characters were identified: the most discriminating ones that include scurs, wax, supernumber spiklets, auricle and sheath pigmentation,downs on the outer glume, colour in grain,awn and chaff.And genetically stable and easy-handling... Under the drilling and spaced planting conditions in the field in Laiyang, over forty wheat varieties,Tr.aestivum, were evaluated over three consecutive years for seventeen traits in an attempt to screen out morphological markers for variety identification. Two types of characters were identified: the most discriminating ones that include scurs, wax, supernumber spiklets, auricle and sheath pigmentation,downs on the outer glume, colour in grain,awn and chaff.And genetically stable and easy-handling ones that include on the lower glume(L.W.),keel,roughness,internal group hairs,tip sharpness,beak length,beak of lower glume at the apex and hairs on apical rachis segment and shoulder shape of L. W. . Each character was revealed for its discriminating potential. Hence a set of morphological standards is established for varietal purity testing in multiplication and seed crop prodution. 在大田条播和稀播条件下,连续3年对40余个小麦品种许多形态性状进行了观察。根据性状的稳定性、可操性和重演性的分析发现,鉴别力强的重要性状包括芒长、芒色、壳色、颖壳茸毛、粒色、蜡质、超小穗、叶耳和芽鞘颜色。遗传稳定、易于掌握的性状包括外颖窄翼龙骨、宽翼外表面粗糙度、内表面茸毛、颖喙尖钝、颖喙长、顶端小穗内颖喙、顶端小穗穗轴凸面茸毛和颖肩形状。在详细揭示了每个性状鉴别潜力的基础上,建立了一套小麦良种真假和纯度鉴定的标准形态性状
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