With the adoption of self-designed ultrasonically enhanced supercritical CO2 reversed microemulsion(USCRM) extraction device, and bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulphosuccinate(AOT) with ethanol as main surfactant and co-surfactant respectively, the extraction of ginsenosides with USCRM was studied, and the effects of ultrasound power and operations were observed.
The congener-specific profile dominated by OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF, and the main contributor of toxicity was 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TCDD.
Methods:The peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes of healthy donors were stimulated respectively with the low molecular peptide antigen derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen(Mtb Ag) and CD3mAb to generate Mtb Ag activated T cells(γδT cells were predominent) and CD3mAb activated T cells(αβT cells were predominent).
we carried on cold pretreatment experiment during tomato anther culture to study the effect of cold pretreatment on microspores development during tomato anther culture in vitro. The results indicated that: Pathway B? A-V,and A-G, existed in androgenesis of tomato of which pathway B was predominent.
The Histamine H4 receptor is expressed mainly on eosinophils and mast cells and has been shown to be involved in the chemotaxis of both the cell types.
The 2D QSAR studies revealed that the activity is mainly influenced by electronic parameters where the contribution of field effect and Hammet constant is positive while that of resonance is negaitive.
Investigations of their biodistribution in mice showed all five pseudo-peptide chelators (MGQ, MGGQ, MAGQ, MVGQ, MFGQ) are rapidly cleared from blood, mainly through renal clearance.
5-FU-1-acetic acid released from 5-FU-PT was mainly distributed in the cecum and colon.
This paper is mainly concerned with corank-2 and corank-3 symmetry-breaking bifurcation point inZ2×Z2-symmetric nonlinear problems.
Our approach is rooted in a dominated ergodic theorem of Mart\'{\i}n--Reyes and de la Torre which assigns $T$ a canonical family of bilateral $A_{p}$ weight sequences.
Mixed finite element method for the convection-dominated diffusion problems with small parameterε
for Sobolev equations with convection-dominated term
for linear Sobolev equations with convection-dominated term is given.
Biocycle of nitrogen in a Cyclobalanopsis glauca-dominated evergreen broad-leaved forest in East China
- In the area of suicide, however, the predominent cultural attitudes have a clear effect upon the statistical reporting of suicides.
It is concluded that Race 3 is most likely to be the predominent race in Guangdong Province, China.
A new EDS analysis method was introduced to detect the weak Si and Y signals which overlap with the predominent Zr peaks.
A total of 61 microspore-derived plants of Petunia parodii were grown to maturity revealing a predominent population of triploids, 80.3%.
Since the triploids are morphologically superior with a faster growth rate than their diploids and related tetraploids, a predominent population of triploid plants was obtained from such mixoploid embryoids (B pathway).
A.The Soils Since the goological formation of this mountainous area is quite uniform,a vertical distribution of soils is obviously observed. At the top of the mountain with an elevation of 8,500 feet,the podzolic soil is found. The process of podzolization is clearly shown by the translocation of clays,organic matter, and active aluminum from an upper to lower layer.The gray brown podzolic soil is distributed in areas ranging from 7,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation.It is developed under forest and has a...
A.The Soils Since the goological formation of this mountainous area is quite uniform,a vertical distribution of soils is obviously observed. At the top of the mountain with an elevation of 8,500 feet,the podzolic soil is found. The process of podzolization is clearly shown by the translocation of clays,organic matter, and active aluminum from an upper to lower layer.The gray brown podzolic soil is distributed in areas ranging from 7,000 to 8,500 feet in elevation.It is developed under forest and has a surface covering of leaf litter and a surface soil with high content of organic matter.In places at an elevatin from 3,900 to 7,000 feet the yellow podzolic soil is dominant.At an elevation below 3,000 foot the red podzolic soil and the sketetal soil are fonnd. The analytical data of the soils of this area may be summarized as follows: 1.pH values of the soils:In the whole area,since the parent rock (gneiss) is poor in basic constituents,soils are all acid in reaction.The pH of the different horizons of the soils ranges from 4.0 to 5.5.The A_0 and A_1 horizons are usually less acid than B horizon,the A and B horizons are much more acid than the parent rock.This shows the leaching process of the soils under such a humid atmosphere. 2.Organic Matter of the soils:The organic matter content of the soils in this area is greatlg influenced by the kind of the vegetation cover.At an elevation of 8,500 feet, the soil developed under forest has 38.92% of organic matter in the A_1,while that under grass has only 11.08% of organic matter in the corresponding horizon.However as the vegetation cover is constant,the dopth of the A_1 and its organic matter content are evidently affected by the elevation.At an elevation of 3,000 feet,the A_1 horizon of the red podzolic soil is only 1 cm.in depth,and it has 3.37% of organic matter.At an elevation of 8,500 feet,howerver,the A_1 horizon of the podzolic soil is 7 cm.in depth, and it has 11.08% of organic matter.In addition,deposition of organic matter in the B horizon is clearly found in the podzolic soil,but it has not been seen in soils found at lower elevation. 3.Active aluminum of the soils:All the soils in this area are high in active aluminum. They contain from 20 to 16 p.p.m.of active aluminum.The content of active aluminum in the different horizons of the same profile has a very close relationship with the pH values of the corresponding horizon.The less acid the reaction the smaller is the amount of acitve aluminum.The active aluminum of the soil is usually higher in amount than that of the parent rock from which the soil is derived. 4.Available calcium magnesium,and potassium of the soils:All the soils are general- ly low in available calcium,magnesium,and potassium.The comparatively high content of these elements in the A horizon is derived from the leaves of the vegetation which are grown on that soil. 5.Available phosphorus of the soils:All the soils of this area are low in available phosphorus. 6.Available nitrate:All soils in this area are very low in nitrate. B.The Vegetation 1.The plants growing on soils of this area are most calcifuge species which are acid- loving (Vaughan and Wishe,1937).As far as the chemical analysis of the soil is concer- ned,those species may be assumed as not only acid-loving,buy also active aluminum- loving (Hutchinson,1943). 2.The distribution of the calcifuge plants In this area is apparently affected by the local climate in terms of elevation.Some of them (temperate plants) are confined to high elevation,others(tropical plants) being limited to low elevation,Two groups of the plants may be given as follows.Many of them are of the same species as those found in southwestern China (Hou,1944). (a) Plants mainly ocurring in areas at elevations from 7,000 to 8,500 foot (temperate plants): Pteridophyta: Destaedtia Scabra (Wall.) Moore Diranopteris linearis Under. Hicrioptris glauea Under. Hymenophyllum crispatum Wall. Hymenophyllum exsertum Wall. Lidsaya cultrata Sw. Lycopodium clavatum L. Plagiogyria pyphylla (Kunze) Mett. Pteridium aquilinum Wightianum Trym Pteris aspericaulis Wall. Flowering Plants: Castanopsis tribuloides A.DC. Lindera pulcherrima Bth. Osbeckia crinata Bth. Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Rhododendron grande Wight Pieris formosana D.Don Vaccinium refersceda HK. Vaccinium serrasum Wight (b) Plants mainly ocurring in areas at elevation from 1,000 to 3,000 feet (tropical plants): Pteridophyta: Adiantum philippense L. Blechnum orientale L. Aglaoorpha coronaus Copel Lycopodium cernum L. Nephrolepsis cordifolia Presl Tectaria spp. Polypodium ucidum Roxb. Flowering plants: Oxyspora paniculate DC. Themeda arundinacea Ridl.
1945年10月中旬,作者留印三月另一周,曾作三次野外调查,计包括印缅边区、恒河平原及喜马拉雅山东南麓等三区,茲先将大吉岭区调查结果,草成此文。调查区域大吉岭位于喜马拉雅山东南麓,在我国西藏边境,全区是山地,海拔自1000到9000尺不等,主为酸性的片麻岩地层,在拔海6500尺地点,年平均气温为56.3℉.,年雨量为122寸。土壤灰壤——灰棕壤组合:在拔海8500尺左右的山顶,灰壤见于草地上,而灰棕壤则发育在森林之下。灰棕壤——灰化黄壤组合:在拔海7000—8000尺地带,森林下仍是灰棕壤,而草地上则为灰化黄壤。灰化黄壤——粗骨土组合:在拔海1000—3000尺地带,片麻岩生成灰化红壤,酸性砂岩生成砾质土。全区土壤特征可归纳如下: (1)土壤 pH 值:全区因土壤母质为酸性片麻岩,各类土壤剖面亦为酸性反应;pH 值约自4.0至5.5。A_1层之 pH 值恒较 B 层为大,而土壤剖面内之 A 层及 B 层均较母岩之酸度为高。 (2)土壤有机质:从土壤有机质分析结果观之,显示植物种类对于土壤有机质之含量高低,有密切的关系,在拔海8500尺之地带,发育于森林下的灰棕壤,表土含有机质38.92%,而同处草类和蕨类植物...
1. In order to study the distribution of the two species of bedbugs,Cimex lectularius and C. hemiptera, 81 representative localities of 23provinces and Inner Mongolia were selected for the collection ofbedbugs.2. Among the 81 localities, 55 had only C. lectularius, 11 had onlyC. hemiptera, while the remaining 15 localities had both species.3. Atmospheric temperature forms one of the most important factorslimiting the distribution of bedbugs. Consequently C. hemipteralimits itself in the North at Chian-Yang of...
1. In order to study the distribution of the two species of bedbugs,Cimex lectularius and C. hemiptera, 81 representative localities of 23provinces and Inner Mongolia were selected for the collection ofbedbugs.2. Among the 81 localities, 55 had only C. lectularius, 11 had onlyC. hemiptera, while the remaining 15 localities had both species.3. Atmospheric temperature forms one of the most important factorslimiting the distribution of bedbugs. Consequently C. hemipteralimits itself in the North at Chian-Yang of Fukien, Lo-Chang ofKuangtung, Heng-Yang of Hunan, Tsun-I of Kweichow, Ch'eng-Tuof Szechuan and Ya-An of Sik'ang. In these localities the wintertemperature is usually at 4°- 8℃. North of this belt, because thewinter temperature is much lower, the condition is not suitable forthe existence of this species. Cimex lectularius is more resistant tocold. It is, however, less resistant to extreme heat. In localities inSouth China where the summer temperature runs over 30℃, thecondition is not suitable for the survival of this species. Its southernlimit of distribution has been found to be a line connecting Amoy,Chu-Kiang of Kuangtung, Kwei-Lin of Kuangsi, P'ing-T'ang of Kwei-chow and Meng-Tze of Yunnan.4. The relationship of latitude, altitude, atmospheric pressure andhumidity to the biology of bedbugs were briefly discussed.
Coilia mystus (L.) is a small fish of economic importance, belonging to the Family Engraulidae. It occurs abundantly along the coast of Amoy and vicinity. The present investigation was undertaken with the chief object of finding out the compostion of food and its seasonal variation. A total of 612 stomachs were examined; of these, only 22 stomachs were found to be empty. The following are the results of the investigation:(1) Coilia mystus feeds chiefly upon planktonic Crustacea, of which Copepoda is, by far,...
Coilia mystus (L.) is a small fish of economic importance, belonging to the Family Engraulidae. It occurs abundantly along the coast of Amoy and vicinity. The present investigation was undertaken with the chief object of finding out the compostion of food and its seasonal variation. A total of 612 stomachs were examined; of these, only 22 stomachs were found to be empty. The following are the results of the investigation:(1) Coilia mystus feeds chiefly upon planktonic Crustacea, of which Copepoda is, by far, the most important, constituting no less than 75.9% of total food. Of the 15 species of Copepoda identified, Paracalanus pqrvus, Pseudodiaptomus marinus and Tortanus forcipata are relatively more important than the others. Among other Crustacea, the relative importance of various groups Is of the following order: Decapoda (including Lucifer and Brachyuran larvae) > Mysidae > Euphau-siacea > Amphipoda > Ostracoda > Cumacea > Stomatopoda. Next to Crustacea in the order of importance of food conic Chaetognatha and fish ova, the former being the more important of the two. Judging from the composition of food, Coilia mystus is a plankton-feeder.(2) The composition of food is more or less subject to seasonal variation. The order of numerical importance of various groups* in the four seasons is as follows: SPRING (Mar.-May): Copepoda > fish ova > Decapoda > Amphipoda > Mysidae> Euphausiacea > Cumacea> Stomatopoda, young fish. SUMMER (Junc-Aug.): Copcpoda> fish ova> Decapoda >Mysidae> Amphipoda> Euphausiacea > Cumacea > young fish.AUTUMN (Scpt.-Nov.): Copepoda > Decapoda > Mysidae > Ostracoda > Euphausiacea > Amphipoda > Stomatopoda > young fish.WINTER (Dec.-Feb.): Copepoda > Decapoda > Euphausiacea > Cumacea > fishova > Mysidae > Amphipoda > young fish > Stomatopoda. (3) The composition of food varies with age or length (from the tip of snout to the end of body, exclusive of caudal fin) of fish which appears to he related to the density of gill-rakers. The younger fishes (less than 15 cm. in length) with denser gill-rakers (2.0-2.7 rakers per 1 mm.) feed largely upon smaller crustaceans (Cope-poda); whilst the older fishes (over 15 cm. in length) with sparser gill-rakers (1.4 1.9 rakers per 1 mm.) feed largely upon larger crustaceans (Mysidae, Euphausiacea, Stomatopdda, Decapoda). It shows that increase in the size of fish is associated with increrase in the size of food animals eaten.(4) There exists a fairly close agreement between the composition of food and the composition of plankton in the surrounding waters. During the months of March and November when both fish and plankton were collected at the same time off Hai-Chen near Amoy, Copepoda was found to be the most dominant group in both food and plankton. It shows that the fish fed heavily upon those crustaceans occurring most abundantly in the plankton. In this respect, Coilia mystus exercises no selectivity of food. The writers are of the opinion that abundance and availability rather than selection by the fish determine the species of animal eaten.(5) A comparison of the food of Coilia mystus with that of other Clupeoids in Amoy waters reveals the predominance of Copepoda in the diet of most of these fishes. For the sake of increasing the yield of these economic fishes, it is essential to enhance the production of Copepoda in nature by artificial means such as to fertilize the water with nutrient salts, especially phosphates and nitrates, to increase the production of phytoplankton which will, in turn, lead to the higher production of Copepoda.
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