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| | On the basis of a proposed reaction mechanism for cementation of copper from its aqueous solution by means of metallic iron, the authors suggested a method employing fluidized iron pellets for recovering copper on an industrial scale.During the initial stage of the reaction, the rate of cementation conforms to a firstorder reaction controlled mainly by the concentration of copper ion at the iron-copper boundary. As cementation proceeds, however, metallic copper collects as a porous layer on the iron, and di... | | 提出了金属铁自水溶液中置換铜离子的反应模型,在此模型的基础上又提出了一个能够强化置换生产过程的液体流态化床法,并通过实验测得流态化置換的反应速率。实验数据表明:在反应初期,金属铁自溶液中置換铜离子的速度符合于铁铜界面由铜离子浓度控制的一级反应;随着反应时间的增长、表面铜层增厚,反应转变为铜离子通过铜层的扩散控制过程。采用锥形流态化床进行置換的实验表明:在铁珠表面生成的铜粉随着流态化床的激烈湍动能够连续剝落、被上升液流带出。部分反应后的铁珠具有不同的粒度,在锥形床中能够获得全部流态化。液体流态化床置换法的操作简单、便于自动化,以铸铁铁珠作为置換剂吋,在75℃温度下、于20秒钟的溶液平均停留时间內可将含Cu~(2+)0.1%溶液中铜的90%进行置換。 | | 文摘来源 | | An internal recycle gradientless reactor had been designed for studying gas/solid catalytic reaction kinetics. The construction of the reactor is simple. The electromagnetic stirrer was employed in order to overcome the difficulties of the radial sealing of the rotating shaft. The catalyst may be put on the perforated fixed plate or in the rotating basket moving with the shaft. It enables to accommodate catalyst size from a few tenth of a milimeter to commercial size. Residence time distribution measu... | | 设计了一种内循环式无梯度反应器,可用以进行气固相催化反应动力学的研究。反应器的结构简单。采用电磁搅拌器以克服旋转轴径向密封的困难。催化剂可静置于多孔板上,或放在转篮中与轴一起运动。催化剂的粒度从零点几毫米至工业粒度均可适用。经停留时间分布测定证明反应器内气体的流动状况属于理想混合。径向及轴向的温度差甚小。这种反应器可以在800℃以下的温度操作。 研究了不同的气体体积流量下停留时间分布和搅拌速率间的关系。为了达到完全混合状态,较高的气体流量要求较高的搅拌速率。此外,在不同的搅拌速率下,还测定了反应器出口反应物的浓度,当搅拌速率增加至某一定数值后,组成不再改变。 | | 文摘来源 | | With the consideration of all the reactions involved in the polyesterification of BHET (bis-β-hydroxyethyl terepliathalate) such as the primary forward polycondensation reaction, its reverse reaction and the cracking reaction, a kinetic equation was derived. As the concentration of ethylene glycol (EG) appeared as a term in the derived equation is difficult to determine, it was empirically correlated with the speed of stirring, R, the specific surface of the reacting system, etc. Finally a semiempirical equ... | | 考虑了对苯二甲酸乙二酯(BHET)缩聚过程的主反应、逆反应及热裂解反应,得到一个动力学方程式。再对不同类型和不同工况的工业反应器的实测数据进行综合分析,从而经验地确定了动力学方程式中不易测定的乙二醇(EG)浓度与搅拌速度、熔体的比表面等的关联式。最后得到了聚合度(DP)随工艺条件(温度T、压力p、反应肘间τ)及反应器的结构参数(搅拌速度R、反应体系的比表面ε)变化的半经验公式这个公式能够概括前人提出的一些公式,并能解释已经发表的许多实验曲线,可以定性和半定量地解决缩聚反应器设计中的问题。 | | 文摘来源 | |   | | << 更多相关文摘 |
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