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| | The imperial examination (IE) system had a profound impact on the history and traditional culture of China. Its rise and decline were closely associated with the politics, education, literature, society, and culture of IE age of China. Therefore, the study of IE is a unique window on Chinese history. From a multidisciplinary perspective of IE politics, IE education, IE literature, IE society, and IE culture, the central position of IE s... | | 科举制对中国社会历史和传统文化的影响至为重大,它的兴衰也与中国科举时代的政治、教育、文学、社会、文化等方方面面紧密相关。因此,"科举学"可以成为研究中国历史文化的独特视角。从科举政治、科举教育、科举文学、科举社会、科举文化等多学科视野观察,可以更清楚地看出科举制在传统社会的中心地位,及废科举的深远影响,从而进一步认识"科举学"研究的重要意义。 | | 文摘来源 | | Objective To compare clinical feature and prognosis of culture-positive and culture-negative infective endocarditis(IE).Methods According to the result of blood culture,63 IE patients were divided into positive group(n=15)and negative group(n=48),and their clinical feature and prognosis were compared.Results Vegetation was detected in 41 patients (65.1%)by echocardiography.The presence of predisposing factors for IE was similarly distributed in two groups.with respect ... | | 目的 明确血培养阳性与阴性的感染性心内膜炎 (IE)之间在临床特征和预后方面的异同。方法 对63例IE患者 ,根据血培养结果分成阳性组 (N =15 )和阴性组 (N =48) ,比较临床特征和预后。结果 41例 ( 65 .1% )经超声心动图检出有赘生物 ,两组病人的赘生物检出率、基础心脏病和感染部位一致 ,从入院到确诊时间无显著差异。两组病人入院前有使用抗生素的比率分别为 3 3 .3 %和 85 .4% (P <0 .0 1)。血培养阳性组白细胞计数较阴性组高 (P <0 .0 1) ,因而更易出现发热和脓肿并发症 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而血培养阴性组更多出现心瓣膜破裂或穿孔 ,严重心衰 ,更多病人施行了心脏换瓣手术 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但两组病人预后无统计学差异。结论 由于血培养前抗生素的广泛使用 ,IE血培养阳性率明显下降 ,超声心动图检查有助于血培养阴性IE的早期诊断。血培养阴性IE后果更为严重 ,早期诊断和及时的手术换瓣治疗可以改善预后 | | 文摘来源 | |   |
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